Background of the Study
Code-switching, the practice of alternating between two or more languages within a conversation, is a common feature in multilingual societies. Among Hausa speakers in Maiduguri, code-switching is employed to negotiate social identity, clarify meaning, and manage conversational flow. This linguistic practice is often context-dependent, reflecting the interplay between formal Hausa and other languages such as English or local dialects. Research suggests that code-switching can serve as an organizational tool, helping speakers mark transitions, signal emphasis, or modify the tone of discourse (Suleiman, 2023). In Maiduguri’s diverse sociolinguistic landscape, code-switching contributes to dynamic discourse organization and aids in the accommodation of different audiences. However, frequent switching may also complicate comprehension if interlocutors have varying levels of proficiency in the languages used. This study examines how Hausa speakers strategically use code-switching to organize discourse in everyday conversations. The analysis will consider both linguistic and sociocultural factors that influence switching practices and their effects on overall discourse coherence (Musa, 2024; Abdul, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
While code-switching is prevalent among Hausa speakers, its specific role in organizing discourse in Maiduguri remains underexplored. Standard discourse models often neglect the cultural and contextual factors influencing switching behavior. This oversight limits our understanding of how code-switching contributes to clarity and cohesion in multilingual interactions. Without a detailed analysis, educational and communication strategies may not effectively address potential comprehension challenges arising from frequent language alternation (Suleiman, 2023; Musa, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To document code-switching patterns in Hausa discourse.
2. To analyze its organizational functions.
3. To propose guidelines for effective multilingual communication.
Research Questions:
1. What are the common code-switching patterns among Hausa speakers in Maiduguri?
2. How do these patterns affect discourse organization?
3. What strategies can optimize code-switching for clarity?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it clarifies the role of code-switching in Hausa discourse, contributing to better communication strategies and pedagogical practices in multilingual contexts. The findings will inform language education and intercultural communication programs (Suleiman, 2023; Abdul, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to conversational exchanges among Hausa speakers in Maiduguri and does not include formal written texts.
Definitions of Terms:
• Code-Switching: Alternating between languages in conversation.
• Discourse Organization: The structural arrangement of ideas in communication.
• Hausa Speakers: Individuals fluent in the Hausa language.
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