An evaluation of rhetorical devices in Efik language proverbs in Calabar
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Background of the Study
Rhetorical devices are pivotal in enhancing the expressive power of language, and in Efik, proverbs serve as a repository of cultural wisdom articulated through rich rhetorical constructions. Efik proverbs, widely used in Calabar, incorporate devices such as metaphor, hyperbole, and parallelism to convey complex ideas succinctly. These proverbs not only provide moral guidance but also reinforce social norms and communal values (Akpan, 2023). This study evaluates the use of rhetorical devices in Efik proverbs by conducting a detailed linguistic analysis of a corpus of proverbs collected in Calabar. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess how these devices contribute to the persuasive and memorable nature of proverbs. By examining the interplay between rhetorical form and cultural content, the study aims to enhance our understanding of Efik communicative practices and contribute to broader theories of figurative language. The findings are expected to inform language education and cultural preservation initiatives by highlighting the cognitive and aesthetic functions of Efik proverbs (Etim, 2024; Ibekwe, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the cultural significance of Efik proverbs, there is limited empirical research on the rhetorical devices that underpin their communicative power. Existing analyses often generalize findings from other languages, neglecting the unique stylistic and cultural nuances of Efik. This gap limits our ability to appreciate and teach the intricate use of rhetorical devices in Efik, potentially undermining efforts to preserve this oral tradition. Without a clear understanding of these devices, both academic and cultural initiatives may fail to capture the richness of Efik proverbial language (Akpan, 2023; Etim, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To identify key rhetorical devices in Efik proverbs.
2. To evaluate their contribution to the memorability and persuasive quality of proverbs.
3. To develop recommendations for incorporating these findings into language education.
Research Questions:
1. What rhetorical devices are most common in Efik proverbs?
2. How do these devices enhance the communicative effectiveness of proverbs?
3. How can this understanding be applied to preserve and teach Efik cultural heritage?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it provides an in-depth analysis of rhetorical devices in Efik proverbs, offering insights that can enhance cultural preservation and educational practices. The findings will support initiatives aimed at sustaining Efik oral traditions and improving language instruction (Akpan, 2023; Ibekwe, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to evaluating rhetorical devices in Efik proverbs in Calabar using discourse analysis, without extending to other genres of Efik language.
Definitions of Terms:
• Rhetorical Devices: Techniques used to persuade or convey meaning in language.
• Efik Proverbs: Traditional sayings in the Efik language.
• Discourse Analysis: A method for studying language use in context.
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