Background of the Study
Semantic processing is a core aspect of language comprehension, and reaction time measures provide a window into the efficiency of these processes. Efik and Nigerian Pidgin, while both used in Nigeria, differ in structure and lexical variability. Efik, with its formalized structure and rich idiomatic expressions, may elicit different cognitive processing speeds compared to Nigerian Pidgin, which is characterized by its fluid syntax and frequent code-switching (Adebisi, 2023). This study appraises reaction time differences during semantic processing by administering lexical decision tasks and semantic priming paradigms to native speakers of both languages. The investigation focuses on how quickly participants recognize semantically congruent and incongruent word pairs. By comparing reaction times, the study seeks to determine whether the linguistic features of Efik and Nigerian Pidgin lead to distinct processing dynamics. These insights will not only advance theoretical models of semantic processing but also inform language teaching strategies tailored to the specific needs of each linguistic community (Chukwuma, 2024; Olusola, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Although reaction time measures are widely used to assess semantic processing, few studies have compared these measures across different Nigerian languages. The unique structural and lexical characteristics of Efik and Nigerian Pidgin may result in differing cognitive demands, yet this variability remains underexplored. This gap hinders the development of language-specific pedagogical and cognitive interventions that could improve semantic processing efficiency. Without a clear understanding of reaction time differences between these languages, educators and researchers may miss opportunities to tailor instruction and cognitive training to optimize language comprehension (Adebisi, 2023; Chukwuma, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To compare reaction times in semantic processing between Efik and Nigerian Pidgin speakers.
2. To identify linguistic factors that influence processing speed in both languages.
3. To inform language teaching strategies based on semantic processing efficiency.
Research Questions:
1. What are the reaction time differences in semantic processing between Efik and Nigerian Pidgin speakers?
2. Which linguistic features contribute to these differences?
3. How can these insights improve language instruction?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it examines reaction time differences in semantic processing between Efik and Nigerian Pidgin, offering insights that can refine cognitive models and language teaching practices. The findings will assist educators in designing targeted interventions for improved language comprehension (Adebisi, 2023; Olusola, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to comparing reaction time measures for semantic processing in Efik and Nigerian Pidgin among adult speakers.
Definitions of Terms:
• Reaction Time: The duration between stimulus presentation and response.
• Semantic Processing: The extraction and integration of meaning from language.
• Nigerian Pidgin: A creole language characterized by fluid syntax and lexical borrowing.
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