An examination of brain lateralization in language tasks among Yoruba–English bilinguals
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Background of the Study
Brain lateralization refers to the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, which is critical in language processing. Among Yoruba–English bilinguals, language tasks often engage both hemispheres in distinctive ways due to the contrasting linguistic structures of Yoruba and English. Research indicates that while the left hemisphere is typically dominant for language, bilingual individuals may exhibit increased right hemisphere involvement, particularly during tasks that require switching between languages or processing figurative language (Olatunji, 2023). This study examines the degree of brain lateralization in bilinguals performing various language tasks, including lexical decision, semantic judgment, and syntactic parsing. By employing neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and ERP, the research aims to map the neural activation patterns that underlie language processing in bilingual contexts. Findings from this study will offer insights into how bilingualism influences brain organization and contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive advantages associated with managing multiple linguistic systems (Adeyemi, 2024; Balogun, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite considerable research on brain lateralization in language processing, there is limited focus on bilingual populations, particularly among Yoruba–English speakers. Existing studies often overlook the influence of managing two distinct language systems on hemispheric specialization. This gap restricts our understanding of the neural adaptations associated with bilingual language processing. The lack of targeted research in this area hinders the development of educational and cognitive training programs designed to harness bilingual advantages. Addressing these limitations is crucial to reveal the unique lateralization patterns in Yoruba–English bilinguals and to inform interventions that support effective bilingual communication (Olatunji, 2023; Adeyemi, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To map brain lateralization patterns during language tasks in Yoruba–English bilinguals.
2. To compare lateralization between tasks involving different linguistic processes.
3. To determine the impact of bilingualism on hemispheric specialization.
Research Questions:
1. What are the patterns of brain lateralization in Yoruba–English bilinguals during language processing?
2. How do lateralization patterns differ between various language tasks?
3. What role does bilingualism play in modulating hemispheric activation?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it deepens our understanding of brain lateralization in bilingual contexts, specifically among Yoruba–English speakers. The insights gained will contribute to cognitive neuroscience and bilingual education by informing strategies that optimize language processing and cognitive performance (Olatunji, 2023; Balogun, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to examining brain lateralization during language tasks in Yoruba–English bilinguals using neuroimaging methods, without exploring non-linguistic functions.
Definitions of Terms:
• Brain Lateralization: The tendency for certain cognitive functions to be more dominant in one hemisphere.
• Bilingualism: Proficiency in two languages.
• Neuroimaging: Techniques for visualizing brain activity, such as fMRI and ERP.
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