Background of the Study
Efik, spoken in Cross River State, has experienced notable morphological shifts over time. Among rural speakers, traditional morphological structures—such as affixation, compounding, and inflection—have evolved due to internal language dynamics and external influences (Udoh, 2023). Oral traditions and early written texts reveal a morphology rich in derivational patterns that reflect historical usage. However, with modernization and the influence of education, shifts in morphological forms have been observed. Studies indicate that rural speakers preserve more archaic morphological features compared to urban populations (Obong, 2024). Diachronic analysis of Efik can provide insights into how language contact, cultural preservation, and social change affect morphological evolution. This study examines these shifts among rural Efik speakers by analyzing historical data, current usage, and community narratives (Eten, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
While morphological changes in Efik are evident, systematic studies focusing on diachronic shifts among rural speakers are limited. Existing research often emphasizes urban language change, overlooking the rich morphological heritage maintained in rural areas (Udoh, 2023). This gap in research limits our understanding of language evolution and the factors that help preserve archaic forms (Obong, 2024).
Objectives of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
This study is significant because it illuminates the processes of morphological change in Efik, particularly in rural communities. The findings will support language preservation, contribute to our understanding of language evolution, and assist in developing targeted educational materials.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is confined to rural Efik speakers in Cross River State and focuses solely on morphological changes.
Definitions of Terms
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