Background of the Study
Intergenerational language transmission is a cornerstone of bilingual competence, particularly within Tiv families where language is a key component of cultural identity. The process involves the transfer of linguistic skills and cultural values from older generations to younger ones, primarily through daily interactions, storytelling, and communal practices (Udo, 2023). In Tiv households, the sustained use of the native Tiv language alongside a global language such as English fosters balanced bilingual development. This transmission not only preserves cultural heritage but also provides a strong linguistic foundation that supports academic and social success. Research suggests that households where parents actively engage in language transmission exhibit higher bilingual competence among children (Adegbite, 2024). However, modernization and external cultural influences pose challenges to maintaining this intergenerational transmission. This study investigates how intergenerational language practices in Tiv families influence bilingual competence, focusing on the mechanisms of transmission and the factors that support or hinder effective language learning (Okonkwo, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the importance of intergenerational language transmission, many Tiv families face challenges in maintaining consistent language practices, resulting in reduced bilingual competence among younger members (Udo, 2023). Modern influences, urban migration, and the dominance of global languages disrupt traditional transmission patterns, leading to language attrition. Educators have noted that children in such households often lack a solid foundation in their native language, which negatively impacts their overall bilingual proficiency (Adegbite, 2024). The absence of targeted support to reinforce intergenerational language practices further exacerbates this issue. This study aims to address these concerns by exploring the factors affecting intergenerational transmission and its impact on bilingual competence (Okonkwo, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
To assess intergenerational language practices in Tiv families.
To evaluate their impact on children's bilingual competence.
To recommend strategies for enhancing language transmission.
Research Questions:
How effective is intergenerational language transmission in Tiv households?
What factors support or hinder this transmission?
What interventions can strengthen bilingual competence through improved transmission?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it highlights the critical role of intergenerational language transmission in fostering bilingual competence among Tiv families. The findings will assist educators and community leaders in developing strategies to support traditional language practices and ensure balanced bilingual development (Udo, 2023; Adegbite, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to examining intergenerational language transmission in Tiv families and does not include other cultural groups.
Definitions of Terms:
Intergenerational Language Transmission: The process of passing language skills from one generation to the next.
Bilingual Competence: Proficiency in two languages.
Tiv Families: Households belonging to the Tiv ethnic group.
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