Background of the Study
Traditional healing ceremonies in Calabar are imbued with cultural significance, and the Efik language plays a central role in these rituals. Pragmatic markers—such as ritual greetings, indirect directives, and culturally specific metaphors—are used by healers to convey spiritual authority, instill hope, and maintain ceremonial order (Eyo, 2023). These markers help structure the healing discourse, guiding participants through the ritual process and reinforcing communal beliefs. They are integral to the effectiveness of the healing process, ensuring that messages are interpreted in light of cultural and spiritual contexts. However, modernization and the integration of formal medical practices are challenging the traditional use of these pragmatic features, potentially leading to a dilution of their intended effects. This study evaluates the pragmatic markers employed during traditional healing ceremonies in Calabar by analyzing recorded sessions, conducting interviews with practitioners, and reviewing relevant cultural texts. The aim is to document the current state of these markers and explore strategies to preserve their cultural and therapeutic efficacy.
Statement of the Problem
Traditional pragmatic markers in Efik healing ceremonies are increasingly threatened by modern influences, which may dilute their cultural and therapeutic potency (Eyo, 2023). The intrusion of modern medical language and digital communication styles can alter the subtle cues necessary for effective healing rituals, leading to misinterpretations and a loss of cultural depth (Akpan, 2024). There is a notable gap in research regarding how these markers are evolving in the face of modernization, highlighting the need for an in-depth study to assess their current usage and to develop strategies for their preservation.
Objectives of the Study
To document pragmatic markers used in Efik healing ceremonies.
To assess the impact of modern influences on these markers.
To propose preservation strategies for cultural and therapeutic effectiveness.
Research Questions
What are the key pragmatic markers in Efik healing ceremonies?
How are these markers affected by modernization?
What measures can sustain their traditional use?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it evaluates the pragmatic markers in Efik language during traditional healing ceremonies in Calabar, contributing to cultural preservation and improved therapeutic practices. The findings will benefit cultural practitioners, linguists, and health professionals by providing strategies to maintain the integrity of traditional discourse (Eyo, 2023; Akpan, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to traditional healing ceremonies in Calabar and does not extend to other Efik communicative contexts.
Definitions of Terms
Pragmatic Markers: Linguistic cues that structure discourse.
Efik Language: The indigenous language of the Efik people.
Healing Ceremonies: Rituals aimed at restoring health and well-being.
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
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