An investigation of the pragmatic influence of indigenous belief systems in Efik language in Calabar
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Background of the Study
Indigenous belief systems profoundly shape language use in many African cultures, and the Efik language in Calabar is no exception. Traditional religious and spiritual beliefs inform the pragmatic aspects of Efik communication, influencing how speakers express respect, negotiate social relationships, and convey moral values (Eyo, 2023). In various settings—such as ritual ceremonies, storytelling, and daily interactions—Efik speakers use culturally embedded expressions, proverbs, and indirect speech acts that reflect their indigenous belief systems. These pragmatic markers serve as both communication tools and carriers of cultural heritage. However, modernization and external influences are challenging these traditional practices, potentially altering the way indigenous beliefs are manifested in language (Akpan, 2024). This study investigates the extent to which indigenous belief systems affect pragmatic language use in Efik by analyzing recorded conversations, conducting ethnographic interviews, and examining cultural texts. The goal is to understand how belief-driven language practices are maintained or transformed in contemporary Efik discourse and to identify strategies for preserving their cultural significance.
Statement of the Problem
The pragmatic influence of indigenous belief systems in Efik language is being undermined by modern communication trends in Calabar. Traditional expressions that convey spiritual and cultural values risk erosion as globalized language norms infiltrate everyday discourse (Eyo, 2023). This dilution may result in misinterpretations and a loss of cultural depth in Efik communication (Akpan, 2024). Limited research exists on the interplay between indigenous beliefs and pragmatic language use, leaving a gap in our understanding of how to preserve these cultural markers in the face of modernization.
Objectives of the Study
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To examine the influence of indigenous belief systems on Efik pragmatic language.
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To identify traditional pragmatic markers linked to belief systems.
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To propose measures for preserving cultural language practices.
Research Questions
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How do indigenous belief systems shape pragmatic language use in Efik?
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What traditional markers are most affected by modern influences?
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What strategies can safeguard these practices?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it explores the pragmatic influence of indigenous belief systems on Efik language in Calabar, providing insights for cultural preservation and linguistic revitalization. The findings will benefit cultural custodians, educators, and linguists in developing strategies to maintain the integrity of traditional communication practices (Eyo, 2023; Akpan, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to pragmatic language influenced by indigenous belief systems in Efik discourse in Calabar and does not extend to other languages or regions.
Definitions of Terms
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Indigenous Belief Systems: Traditional religious and cultural practices.
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Pragmatic Influence: The effect of cultural factors on language use.
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Efik Language: The language of the Efik people in Calabar.
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