PHYTOCHEMICAL AND INHIBITION STUDIES OF GARCINIA KOLA HECKEL (GUTTIFERAE) SEED EXTRACTS ON SOME KEY ENZYMES INVOLVED WITH DIABETES
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
Garcinia kola is an Angiosperm belonging to the family Guttiferae. It is known in commerce as bitter kola. The plant seeds have been used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases including diabetes, and its importance in folkloric medicine as a purgative, mastcatory, aphrodisiac etc. is eminent. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia leading to severe complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and foot ulcer. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared successively in a soxhlet apparatus at 50ºC. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out. Column chromatographic analysis was carried out on the ethyl acetate extract and the structure of the isolated compound was elucidated via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry and Fourier Transformed-Infra Red spectroscopy. Pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase were extracted from porcine pancrease and rat small intestine under specified conditions. Steroids/triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins and phlobatannins were detected. Methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts inhibited α-amylase with IC50 = 0.78 ± 0.32 mg/ml, 3.44 ± 3.46 mg/ml, 4.89 ± 4.62 and α-glucosidase IC50 = 2.67 ± 0.74 mg/ml, 1.68 ± 1.27 mg/ml, 10.29 ± 4.08 mg/ml respectively. The compound ZAAK was isolated from ethyl acetate extract. Fourier Transformed-Infrared spectra revealed the presence of carboxylic acid and an ester in ZAAK. Total ion chromatogram of ZAAK revealed three major peaks corresponding to ZAAK1 ZAAK2 and ZAAK3. The mass spectra identified ZAAK1 ZAAK2 and ZAAK3 as 1- pentadecanecarboxylic acid, (Z)-11-Octadecenoic acid and octadecanoic acid, 2-(2- hydroxyethoxy) ethyl ester respectively.
Related Project Materials
EVALUATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAMME
ABSTRACT
The study is on Evaluation of the Management of Adult Education Programme in Niger State, Nigeria from 2010 – 2015. The st...
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN INCREASING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
ABSTRACT
The topic of this research is Analysis of the Impact of Effective Communication in Increasing Organizational Productivity. A cas...
EVALUATION OF COMPUTERIZED MAILING SYSTEM, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Background of the study
The recent phenomena of email-overloading in daily life and business have creat...
THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING BIOLOGY PRACTICALS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary (2000) defined “problems&...
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY BACKGROUND ON ADOLESCENT ENGAGEMENT IN RITUALISM (A CASE STUDY OF OGUN STATE)
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
When it comes to ensuring a society's continued existence, one of the most...
A RISK-BASED ADJUSTMENT MODEL FOR EXPERIENCE RATING OF MOTOR INSURANCE IN NIGERIA
Abstract
In establishing the burden of costs, the principle underlying the calculation of differentiated premium in the insurance portfol...
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS ON INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
ABSTRACT
This study investigates THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS ON INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES, with objectives to identify key...
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND ADOPTION OF APPROPRIATE FEEDING PRACTICES BY MOTHERS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES OF THEIR CHILDREN IN AGUATA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and adoption of appropriate infant&n...
AN EVALUATION OF METHODS USED FOR IMPROVING LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Background of the study
The more complicated nature of learning and the increasing demands placed on instructors as a re...
PERCEPTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING PRACTICE PROGRAMME IN UNIVERSITIES OF ENUGU STATE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to find out the importance of teaching practice on students teachers performance in...
