Background of the study
Pragmatic markers are linguistic elements that help convey speaker attitude, manage conversation, and signal social relationships. In Nigerian social media, platforms like Twitter and Instagram display distinct uses of these markers. Twitter, with its limited character count, relies heavily on abbreviated markers such as hashtags, emojis, and punctuation to convey tone. In contrast, Instagram allows for more elaborate captions where pragmatic markers are integrated with visual elements to create context-rich communication (Ibrahim, 2024). This interplay between text and imagery on Instagram fosters a unique pragmatic style that differs from the rapid, terse exchanges typical of Twitter (Adeola, 2023). Understanding how these markers function across platforms is critical for analyzing digital discourse and its implications for social interaction and identity formation in Nigeria. This study focuses on pragmatic markers to reveal the strategies Nigerian users employ to navigate online conversations and manage interpersonal relationships, contributing to a nuanced understanding of digital pragmatics (Obi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
There is limited comparative research on the use of pragmatic markers across different social media platforms in Nigeria. Most studies focus on individual platforms without considering how contextual factors on Twitter and Instagram influence pragmatic language use. This gap hinders our understanding of digital communication strategies and leaves educators and communication professionals without guidelines to interpret emerging online interaction patterns (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study
1. To identify pragmatic markers used on Twitter and Instagram.
2. To analyze the influence of platform constraints on their usage.
3. To compare the pragmatic strategies across these platforms.
Research questions
1. What pragmatic markers are most common on Twitter and Instagram?
2. How do platform features affect their usage?
3. What are the implications for digital communication in Nigeria?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it explores online pragmatic markers in Nigerian social media, informing theories of digital discourse and aiding educators in adapting to evolving communication trends (Ibrahim, 2024; Obi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study is limited to Twitter and Instagram posts by Nigerian users, excluding other platforms and offline contexts.
Definitions of terms
• Pragmatic Markers: Linguistic elements that convey speaker attitude and manage conversation.
• Digital Discourse: Communication in online environments.
• Social Media: Platforms used for online interaction.
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