An Assessment of Online Code Mixing in Nigerian Digital Communication: A Case Study of Instagram Captions
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Background of the study
Online code mixing, the blending of elements from two or more languages in communication, is increasingly prominent in Nigerian digital discourse. Instagram, a platform known for its visually engaging content, features captions that often incorporate a mix of indigenous languages and English. These captions reflect users’ attempts to express cultural identity, humor, and social nuance through creative language practices (Obi, 2023). The integration of different languages in Instagram captions not only enriches the communicative experience but also challenges traditional linguistic norms. By employing code mixing, users can negotiate meaning and tailor their messages to diverse audiences, making the communication process more inclusive and dynamic (Ibrahim, 2024). This study investigates the patterns, motivations, and outcomes of online code mixing in Instagram captions among Nigerian users. It seeks to understand how digital imagery and textual expression work together to foster innovative linguistic practices and contribute to language evolution in a multicultural society (Emeka, 2025).
Statement of the problem
Despite the prevalence of code mixing in Nigerian Instagram captions, research has not adequately addressed its linguistic characteristics and social implications. Most studies tend to focus on broader online communication without isolating the specific context of Instagram captions. This gap limits our understanding of how visual context influences language blending and the creation of hybrid forms. Consequently, educators and linguists are left without detailed models to explain the cognitive and social mechanisms underpinning online code mixing, hindering effective curriculum development and language policy formulation (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study
1. To analyze the frequency and types of code mixing in Nigerian Instagram captions.
2. To identify factors that motivate language blending in these captions.
3. To assess the impact of code mixing on digital communication and cultural identity.
Research questions
1. What patterns of code mixing are prevalent in Nigerian Instagram captions?
2. What sociocultural factors influence these practices?
3. How does code mixing affect the communicative effectiveness of Instagram captions?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it assesses online code mixing in Nigerian Instagram captions, offering insights into multilingual digital communication. The findings will enhance sociolinguistic theory and inform educational practices and language policies that acknowledge and incorporate the dynamic use of mixed languages in digital media (Ibrahim, 2024; Obi, 2023).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study is limited to analyzing code mixing in Nigerian Instagram captions, excluding other digital platforms and offline language practices.
Definitions of terms
• Code Mixing: The blending of linguistic elements from different languages in a single utterance.
• Instagram Captions: Text accompanying images on Instagram.
• Multilingual Communication: The use of more than one language in communication.
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