An Appraisal of Immunization Compliance Among Mothers Attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri
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Background of the Study
Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions to prevent infectious diseases and protect the health of both individuals and communities. The World Health Organization (2023) highlights immunization as a critical strategy in reducing the global burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, despite the widespread availability of vaccines and public health campaigns, immunization coverage remains suboptimal in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. In northern Nigeria, where Maiduguri is located, immunization rates are particularly low due to factors such as poverty, cultural beliefs, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and insecurity (Adebayo et al., 2024).
In Maiduguri, the State Specialist Hospital is one of the key health facilities where mothers can access immunization services for their children. Immunization compliance among mothers is crucial for achieving herd immunity and reducing the incidence of preventable diseases, such as polio, measles, and hepatitis (Umar et al., 2025). Despite efforts to increase immunization rates through national and state-level campaigns, there are concerns that many mothers in Maiduguri continue to refuse or delay immunization for their children. Understanding the factors that influence immunization compliance is vital in addressing these barriers and improving vaccination coverage.
Factors influencing immunization compliance include socio-economic status, education level, cultural practices, and awareness of the importance of vaccines (Chukwu et al., 2024). In Maiduguri, insecurity and displacement due to ongoing conflicts further exacerbate these challenges. Furthermore, misinformation about vaccines has led to reluctance among some mothers to vaccinate their children, contributing to low immunization rates (Ajao et al., 2023). This study seeks to appraise the compliance of mothers with immunization schedules at the State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri, and identify the factors contributing to non-compliance.
Statement of the Problem
Immunization non-compliance remains a major public health issue in Maiduguri, despite the efforts of both governmental and non-governmental organizations to increase vaccine coverage. The State Specialist Hospital in Maiduguri plays a crucial role in the administration of vaccines to children; however, immunization rates are lower than expected. Many mothers in the region refuse or delay immunizing their children, leading to increased vulnerability to preventable diseases. The reasons for this non-compliance are not well-understood, and little research has been done to explore the underlying factors affecting immunization practices among mothers in Maiduguri. This study aims to examine the reasons behind immunization non-compliance and provide an appraisal of the current immunization practices.
The persistent low immunization coverage in Maiduguri is exacerbated by factors such as socio-cultural beliefs, lack of awareness about the importance of vaccines, and limited access to healthcare facilities due to insecurity. The problem is compounded by the challenges of addressing vaccine hesitancy and overcoming misinformation. Understanding these barriers is essential to developing effective strategies that can increase immunization compliance among mothers and ultimately reduce the incidence of preventable diseases in Maiduguri.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the level of immunization compliance among mothers attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri.
- To identify the factors influencing immunization non-compliance among mothers in Maiduguri.
- To recommend strategies to improve immunization compliance among mothers attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri.
Research Questions
- What is the level of immunization compliance among mothers attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri?
- What factors influence immunization non-compliance among mothers in Maiduguri?
- What strategies can be implemented to improve immunization compliance among mothers attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant relationship between socio-economic status and immunization compliance among mothers in Maiduguri.
- Cultural beliefs significantly influence immunization non-compliance among mothers in Maiduguri.
- Increasing awareness of the importance of immunization significantly improves immunization compliance among mothers attending State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The scope of the study is limited to mothers attending the State Specialist Hospital in Maiduguri for immunization services. The study will focus on identifying factors influencing immunization compliance and non-compliance. The limitations include the possibility of biased responses from mothers, as well as challenges related to security in the region that may affect the participation of certain individuals.
Definitions of Terms
- Immunization Compliance: The act of following the recommended vaccination schedule for children, ensuring they receive the appropriate vaccines at the correct times.
- Non-compliance: Failure or refusal to adhere to the immunization schedule, leading to children not receiving necessary vaccines.
- Vaccine Hesitancy: Reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite availability of vaccination services, often due to misconceptions or misinformation about vaccines.
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