An Appraisal of Nurse-Led Interventions in Reducing Complications Among Diabetic Patients at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe
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Background of the Study
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that requires long-term management to prevent complications such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, and kidney damage (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). The burden of diabetes is rising globally, particularly in Nigeria, where factors such as poor diet, limited physical activity, and inadequate healthcare access contribute to its growing prevalence (Bello et al., 2023). Effective management of diabetes involves not only medical interventions but also lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, exercise, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Nurses, being integral members of the healthcare team, play a significant role in diabetes management through patient education, medication administration, monitoring, and counseling on lifestyle changes (Adebayo & Musa, 2024). Nurse-led interventions, particularly in educating patients on self-care behaviors, have shown promising results in improving glycemic control and reducing complications (Okonkwo et al., 2023). At Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, diabetes care involves multiple health professionals, but the extent of nurse-led interventions in reducing complications is yet to be systematically evaluated.
This study aims to appraise nurse-led interventions in the management of diabetes and their impact on reducing complications among diabetic patients at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe.
Statement of the Problem
Diabetic complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, largely due to poor management of the condition (WHO, 2024). Despite the availability of medical treatments, many patients experience complications due to insufficient education, lack of awareness, and poor adherence to treatment regimens (Aliyu & Salisu, 2023). Nurse-led interventions, such as patient education, self-monitoring, and lifestyle counseling, have been identified as effective strategies to mitigate these complications (Eze & Musa, 2024). However, the extent to which these interventions are implemented and their effectiveness in reducing complications at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe remains unclear.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the role of nurse-led interventions in reducing complications among diabetic patients at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led patient education on diabetes management and complication prevention.
- To identify barriers to the effective implementation of nurse-led interventions in diabetic care.
Research Questions
- How do nurse-led interventions contribute to reducing complications among diabetic patients?
- What is the impact of nurse-led patient education on diabetes management and complication prevention?
- What barriers hinder the effective implementation of nurse-led interventions in diabetes care?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurse-led interventions significantly reduce complications among diabetic patients.
- Nurse-led patient education improves the management of diabetes and prevents complications.
- Barriers such as lack of resources and inadequate training hinder the effectiveness of nurse-led diabetes interventions.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on diabetic patients receiving care at Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, with a focus on nurse-led interventions. Limitations may include patient self-reporting biases, variations in adherence to prescribed interventions, and differences in nursing practices across departments.
Definitions of Terms
- Diabetes Mellitus: A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or action.
- Nurse-Led Interventions: Healthcare interventions primarily conducted by nurses to improve patient outcomes, including education and lifestyle counseling.
- Complications: Adverse health conditions resulting from poorly managed diabetes, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and kidney failure.
- Patient Education: The process of informing patients about their condition and empowering them to manage their health effectively.
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