An Evaluation of Nurses’ Involvement in Sanitation and Hygiene Campaigns in Rural Communities of Yobe State
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Background of the Study
Sanitation and hygiene are fundamental to preventing infectious diseases, particularly in rural communities where access to clean water and proper waste disposal is limited. Poor sanitation is associated with high incidences of diarrheal diseases, cholera, and other communicable diseases, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates in many developing regions (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Yobe State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has faced significant challenges in improving sanitation and hygiene due to inadequate infrastructure, poverty, and low public awareness of proper hygiene practices (Usman et al., 2023).
Nurses, as frontline healthcare workers, play a crucial role in promoting sanitation and hygiene through education, advocacy, and direct involvement in community health programs. Their participation in hygiene campaigns, particularly in rural areas, can lead to significant improvements in public health by reducing disease prevalence and encouraging better hygiene behaviors (Adebayo & Salisu, 2024). However, despite the recognized importance of nurses in public health interventions, their level of involvement in sanitation and hygiene campaigns in rural Yobe State remains unclear.
While government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have initiated hygiene promotion efforts, the integration of nurses into these initiatives is often limited due to factors such as workforce shortages, lack of training, and competing healthcare demands (Ali & Umar, 2025). This study aims to evaluate the extent of nurses’ involvement in sanitation and hygiene campaigns in Yobe State, assessing the effectiveness of their participation and identifying barriers to their engagement.
Statement of the Problem
Rural communities in Yobe State continue to experience high rates of preventable diseases due to poor sanitation and hygiene practices. While sanitation campaigns have been introduced, there is limited documentation on the role of nurses in these initiatives (WHO, 2023). The shortage of healthcare personnel and the focus on curative rather than preventive healthcare measures may contribute to nurses' limited participation in hygiene campaigns (Olawale et al., 2024).
Given the critical role nurses play in health education and disease prevention, it is necessary to assess their involvement in sanitation and hygiene campaigns and explore ways to enhance their participation. Understanding the factors that influence nurses' involvement will help improve hygiene education programs and overall community health outcomes.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of nurses’ involvement in sanitation and hygiene campaigns in rural communities of Yobe State.
- To identify the challenges limiting nurses' participation in sanitation and hygiene initiatives.
- To evaluate the impact of nurses' involvement on sanitation and hygiene practices in rural communities.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses’ involvement in sanitation and hygiene campaigns in rural Yobe State?
- What are the challenges limiting nurses' participation in hygiene promotion activities?
- How does nurses’ involvement influence sanitation and hygiene practices in rural communities?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses are significantly involved in sanitation and hygiene campaigns in rural Yobe State.
- There are significant barriers limiting nurses' participation in hygiene promotion.
- Nurses' involvement has a positive effect on sanitation and hygiene practices in rural communities.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on nurses working in rural healthcare facilities in Yobe State and their participation in sanitation and hygiene campaigns. Limitations may include access constraints to some remote communities and reliance on self-reported data from nurses and community members.
Definitions of Terms
- Sanitation: The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste.
- Hygiene: Practices that promote cleanliness and health, such as handwashing and waste disposal.
- Campaigns: Organized efforts to promote public awareness and behavior change regarding health issues.
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