An Assessment of Neonatal Care Practices Among Nurses in the Federal Medical Centre, Katsina
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Background of the Study
Neonatal care is a critical component of maternal and child health, with the first 28 days of life being the most vulnerable period for newborns (WHO, 2024). Effective neonatal care practices, including resuscitation, thermal regulation, infection prevention, and breastfeeding support, significantly contribute to reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality (Kumar et al., 2023). Nurses play an essential role in neonatal care, as they are primarily responsible for providing immediate and continuous care to newborns in healthcare facilities (Olaleye et al., 2023).
In Nigeria, neonatal mortality remains a pressing challenge, with approximately 37 deaths per 1,000 live births (UNICEF, 2024). While global interventions such as the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) initiative and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) have improved neonatal survival rates, the success of these programs depends on the level of knowledge and adherence to best practices among nurses (Adebayo & Musa, 2023). At Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Katsina, a tertiary referral center, the quality of neonatal care provided by nurses is crucial in determining newborn health outcomes. However, there is limited data on the extent to which nurses adhere to neonatal care guidelines in this setting.
The effectiveness of neonatal care practices in FMC Katsina is influenced by multiple factors, including training, workload, availability of essential equipment, and institutional policies (Usman et al., 2024). Given the high burden of neonatal mortality in the region, evaluating neonatal care practices among nurses is essential for identifying gaps and developing targeted interventions to improve newborn survival rates.
Statement of the Problem
Despite improvements in neonatal care globally, Nigeria continues to face challenges in reducing neonatal mortality, with inadequate neonatal care practices being a major contributing factor (Nwosu et al., 2023). At FMC Katsina, nurses are responsible for providing immediate and postnatal care to newborns, yet inconsistencies in neonatal care practices have been reported (Ali et al., 2024). Poor adherence to protocols on neonatal resuscitation, infection control, and breastfeeding support can lead to adverse health outcomes, including infections, hypothermia, and neonatal deaths (Bashir et al., 2023).
There is a lack of empirical research assessing nurses' neonatal care practices at FMC Katsina, making it difficult to identify specific areas that require improvement. Understanding the extent to which nurses adhere to standard neonatal care guidelines is essential for developing training programs and policy interventions aimed at improving newborn survival.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the knowledge and adherence of nurses to neonatal care guidelines at FMC Katsina.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of neonatal care practices implemented by nurses at the hospital.
3. To identify barriers affecting optimal neonatal care practices among nurses at FMC Katsina.
Research Questions
1. To what extent do nurses at FMC Katsina adhere to neonatal care guidelines?
2. How effective are neonatal care practices implemented by nurses at FMC Katsina?
3. What barriers hinder the implementation of optimal neonatal care practices at FMC Katsina?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between nurses' adherence to neonatal care guidelines and neonatal health outcomes at FMC Katsina.
2. Nurses with specialized neonatal training provide better neonatal care compared to those without specialized training.
3. Institutional barriers significantly impact the quality of neonatal care practices among nurses.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in the neonatal and maternity wards at FMC Katsina. Limitations include potential recall bias, variations in clinical experience, and restricted generalizability to other hospitals.
Definitions of Terms
• Neonatal Care: The medical attention and interventions provided to newborns during the first 28 days of life.
• Neonatal Mortality: The death of an infant within the first 28 days of life.
• Adherence to Guidelines: The extent to which healthcare providers follow established protocols in neonatal care.
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