An Investigation of Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers in Niger State Hospitals
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Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is one of the most effective strategies for improving infant survival, boosting immunity, and enhancing cognitive development (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and WHO recommend EBF as a global public health priority. However, despite these recommendations, the practice of EBF remains suboptimal in Nigeria, particularly in states like Niger, where sociocultural, economic, and healthcare barriers exist (Adebayo & Yusuf, 2024).
Research has shown that the benefits of EBF include reduced risks of infections, improved maternal health, and enhanced bonding between mother and child (Olawale et al., 2024). However, challenges such as maternal workload, lack of family support, inadequate maternity leave policies, and misinformation hinder its full adoption (Bello & Ibrahim, 2023).
This study seeks to identify the key barriers preventing nursing mothers in Niger State hospitals from practicing EBF. Understanding these barriers will help policymakers and healthcare providers implement targeted interventions to promote EBF adherence.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the proven benefits of EBF, its adoption rate in Nigeria remains low, particularly in northern states like Niger (Muhammad et al., 2023). Many nursing mothers initiate breastfeeding but discontinue before the recommended six-month period due to various barriers, including societal norms, financial constraints, and work-related factors (Ibrahim & Danjuma, 2024).
Healthcare providers, including nurses, play a critical role in promoting EBF, yet limited research has been conducted on the challenges nursing mothers face in adhering to this practice in Niger State hospitals. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the specific barriers to EBF and recommending strategies to enhance its uptake.
Objectives of the Study
- To identify the key barriers preventing nursing mothers in Niger State hospitals from practicing exclusive breastfeeding.
- To examine the role of healthcare providers, particularly nurses, in promoting exclusive breastfeeding.
- To propose strategies for increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates among nursing mothers in Niger State hospitals.
Research Questions
- What are the major barriers preventing nursing mothers from practicing exclusive breastfeeding in Niger State hospitals?
- How do nurses influence exclusive breastfeeding practices among nursing mothers?
- What strategies can be implemented to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates in Niger State hospitals?
Research Hypotheses
- Socioeconomic and cultural factors significantly hinder exclusive breastfeeding practices in Niger State hospitals.
- Nurses play a significant role in influencing exclusive breastfeeding adherence among nursing mothers.
- Targeted interventions can significantly improve exclusive breastfeeding rates among nursing mothers.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nursing mothers receiving care in Niger State hospitals. Limitations may include variations in responses due to individual beliefs and potential recall bias in self-reported breastfeeding practices.
Definitions of Terms
- Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF): The practice of feeding an infant only breast milk for the first six months of life, without any additional food or drink.
- Barriers: Factors preventing nursing mothers from adhering to exclusive breastfeeding recommendations.
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