ISOLATION AND CHARACTERASATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCING BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOIL
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Qualitative
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Background of study
Antibiotic resistance has recently emerged as a significant and alarming problem in the medical community. It is a result of the overuse or improper prescription of antibiotics, which has affected the empirical treatment of patients. Many pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance to common antibiotics by having the following traits: decreased cell permeability, efflux pump, and hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring by beta-lactamases. One of the main methods for resistance to the current non-beta-lactam antibiotics is the ability of a pathogenic bacteria to create metallo-beta-lactamases. These demonstrate the urgent need for new antibiotics as well as other antimicrobial compounds that can be employed in a variety of settings, including hospitals, food preservation, and dairy products. (Procopio, et al., 2012).
Antibiotics are natural compounds of biological, synthetic, and semi-synthetic origins that are secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms. Antibacterial drugs, usually known as antibiotics, work to stop or inhibit the development of germs. They are used to treat illnesses brought on by germs and include a number of strong medications. Viral illnesses including the common cold, the flu, and most coughs cannot be treated by antibiotics. To increase the number of antibiotics found, researchers are currently seeking for collections of microbes. This discovery will thereby boost the likelihood of identifying bacteria strains from soil samples that may have biochemical and pharmacological benefits. Since it is far simpler to isolate antibiotics from microorganisms than it is to chemically synthesize them, this method has led to the discovery of innumerable new antibiotics to date. (Shales, 2010)
Due to its heterogeneous character, soil is thought to be the home to numerous and diverse populations of microorganisms. The vast differences between the biotic and abiotic environments in soil force its microbial populations to adapt and create means of successful survival. The most successful methods for this adaptation are those that produce antimicrobials (Davies, 2015). Soil bacteria and fungi are responsible for producing antibiotics such -lactams, aminoglycosides, streptomycins, and tetracyclines, among others. The majority of antibiotics currently in use are extracted from soil bacteria and used to produce other antibiotics. Because of the formation of resistant endospore and the synthesis of essential antibiotics like bacteriocin, Bacillus species, commonly found soil bacteria, have been proven to inhibit the growth of other organisms. Antibiotic-producing bacteria should be screened since they are simple to isolate, cultivate, maintain, and improve the value of their strains. However, the number of these microorganisms in the soil varies depending on a number of variables, including the soil's type, water activity, oxygen content, pressure, temperature, salt concentration, carbon sources, pH, and others. Recent studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial activity screening of soil has been done in many different locations of the world (Makut et al., 2011). From this bioresource, numerous antibiotics with pharmaceutical importance have been discovered in the past. Examples include vancomycin, which was produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces orientalis and isolated from a soil sample from Borneo (Griffith et al., 2010), kanamycin, which was produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus (Umezewa, 1957), and erythromycin, which was first discovered in 1952 by Actinomycetes, Bacilli, and Pseudomonas are the bacterial taxa that have been identified thus far as a bio resource with a high likelihood of detecting chemicals of interest (Walsh, 2003). This study was conducted with the aim of isolating, characterizing, and identifying microorganisms that produce antibiotics from soil samples. Additionally, to evaluate the isolated bacteria's ability to suppress several human pathogenic microorganisms.
1.2 Justification of Study
There are growing numbers of antibiotic resistant strains, mostly the acquired multi-drug resistant strains which is becoming fast developing concern and leads to serious public health problems worldwide. Soil is a complex and a diverse environment providing useful source of antibiotic producing bacteria. Thus, there is a need to isolate and characterize antimicrobial producing bacteria from the soil for the production of antibiotics.
1.3 Aim of the study
The aim of this research is to isolate, identify and characterize antimicrobial producing bacteria associated with the soil.
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