THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 5000
ABSTRACT
This project is concerned with the development and evaluation of an atomtrapping technique for determination of heavy metals in environmental samples. Modified atom-trapping technique using fabricated nickel tube/sample holder (crucible) was employed to increase the sensitivity of a flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Basic performance data for different parameters, such as burner height and the height of the support, were studied. Different designs and ways of placing the atom trap over the burner were evaluated to optimize the experimental conditions. The height of the tube’s support was varied, as well as, its design. The optimal position, for maximum light path through the tube, was obtained experimentally. Results of this attempt using nickel atom trap method on a number of standards of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel concentrations, showed high sensitivity for the technique (1.2 - 4.1 fold) when compared to the conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The improvement factors on the absorbance signals for the various metals were as follows: Cd =3.8 - 4.1; Pb = 1.8 - 2.2; Cu = 1.9 - 2.3; Mn = 1.2 - 1.7; Zn 2.3 - 2.5; Co = 1.2 - 1.8 and Ni = 1.6 - 2.1. These data indicated that a significant improvement in sensitivity has been achieved, using the nickel tube atom trap method. The results from this study suggested that the method, as an analytical procedure, is more sensitive than the conventional method for the determination of heavy metals in environmental samples. Thus a study was carried out to analyse effluents discharged from small and medium scale industries. These are xix Naraguta leather tanning effluents, Jos; Majema leather tanning effluents, Kano; a smallscale industry located at Sharada Industrial Estate Phase III leather tanning effluents, Kano; NASCO Group of Companies, Jos and Jos International Brewery (JIB), Jos. The results showed some pollution in these effluents for the various elements above the Interim Effluent Limitation Guidelines in Nigeria for all Categories of Industries. The Naraguta leather tanning had high value of zinc. The Majema leather tanning effluent is polluted with lead, copper, and zinc, while the Sharada leather tanning effluent had high zinc, with a very close value to the limit of copper. NASCO is polluted with copper, and zinc, as well as, Jos International Brewery (JIB).An attempt was made to increase sample volume from 0.2 ml to 2 ml by redesigning the nickel tube, accommodating more analyte reaching the flame. Analytical performance, such as sensitivity, precision, detection limit, and accuracy of the method, was carried out and the results compared with those from literature. One advantage of the developed nickel tube atom trap method is the very small sample solution requirement for analysis. Further more; its simplicity and low cost would be an advantage to many laboratories with limited resources. The interference study of NaCl on the absorbance of lead was carried out. The result showed that NaCl exhibited a significant level of suppression at 5mg/L of Pb (i.e. 1.17% at 10% NaCl to 1.28% at 30% NaCl reduction in absorbance signal).
Related Project Materials
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FACE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Face recognition system is an application for identifying someone from image or videos. Face recognition is...
An Evaluation of Accounting Practices in Real Estate Firms: A Case Study of Abuja Property Developers
Background of the Study
The real estate sector in Nigeria plays a significant role in economic development, contributing to job creation,...
The Effect of Cost Accounting on Resource Allocation in Kebbe Local Government Area
Background of the Study
Effective resource allocation is crucial for the achievement of the development objectives of Ke...
Exploring the Effectiveness of Virtual Teamwork in Multinational Companies: A Case of Nestlé Nigeria, Benue State
Background of the Study
Virtual teamwork, where employees collaborate and communicate across different locations through digital platform...
An assessment of the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in conflict resolution: A study of Makurdi Local Government Area, Benue State
Background of the Study
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing the root causes of conflic...
The significance of forensic anthropology in body identification during flood disasters in Benin City Local Government Area, Edo State
Background of the Study
Flood disasters often result in mass casualties and significant decomposition, making traditional...
An Appraisal of Nutrition Education Programs in Primary Schools in Katsina State
Background of the Study
Malnutrition remains a pressing public health issue in Nigeria, particularly af...
Investigating the Impact of Fake News on Journalism Credibility in Wukari LGA, Taraba State
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The proliferation of fake news has emerg...
The effect of early childhood nutrition on adult body structure in Ekiti West Local Government Area, Ekiti State
Background of the study:
Early childhood nutrition is a critical determinant of long-term health, influenc...
The Impact of Nurse-Led Community Outreach Programs on Elderly Health in Niger State
Background of the Study
The elderly population is growing globally, necessitating increased healthcare interventions t...
