SYNTHESES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS USING CHITOSAN-METHACRYLLIC ACID FOR SEQUESTRATION OF TOBACCO SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE ANALOGUES
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Statement of Problem
The act and practice of smoking cigarette also impacts differently amongst respective societies, cultures and ecosystems but generally can be viewed under common mitigating factors(Suhrcke et al., 2006; Townsend et al., 2006; WHO, 2004; WHO, 2011a). As reported, (ASH, 2009) estimates have it that smoking prevalence within the African region will rise by as much as 39 percent by 2030. This is an uphill from a 15.8 percent in 2010 to 21.9 percent 2012 (Blecher and Ross, 2013; Mendez et al., 2012). In Nigeria, smokers spend nearly 10 percent of gross domestic product per capita on manufactured cigarettes annually (Federal Ministry of Health, 2012a, b). It is unarguably difficult to stop people from the age old practice of smoking cigarete and other tobacco products, even with harsh penalties and or total bans from government and concerned organizations. The size and influence of the tobacco industry globally effectively fustrates efforts targeted at completely stopping the production of tobacco products. The fact that the sector provides jobs and income for people and the governments at various stages of its production (the growing, harvesting, processing of leaves up to the product’s (cigarette) manufacturing, distribution and marketing stages), makes control very complicated and challenging. Within the sub-Saharan Africa, only Chad, Seychelles, Burkina Faso, Congo and Namibia, have put in place the framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC) conditions for establishing a 3 100 percent smoke-free indoor setting, (WHO, 2010c, 2013d). They have completely banned smoking in places like educational, health care, government, recreational and vulnerable facilities (WHO, 2013b) Lopez et al. 1994 and Shafey et al. 2003 opined that the sustained rise in cigarette smoking in Africa will be trailed by a sharp prevalence in tobacco linked mortality. There are a conservative 250 women, 1 billion men and unaccounted-for number of children actively smoking globally today (Prasad, 2015). Meanwhile in every country, populations of active smokers fall within a minority but the effect of their activity creates negative geometricripple impact on the overall population. Indications are that more of adolescent populations particularly in developing nations like Nigeria indulge in cigarette smoking than the fully grown adults from the same population; creating the existence of an unsecured, weakening, non-viable and unsustainable work force for such a nation in the coming decades. George (2009) postulated that annually, tobacco usage directly or indirectly kills four times more people than does the combination of other drugs, AIDS, suicides, accidents (vehicular), and homicides. Eriksen et al. (2012); Esson and Leeder, (2004) reported that most sub-Saharan African countries are still in the early stages of smoking epidemics, valuable opportunities for intervention and primary prevention is very much possible. Sometime in June 2000, a colleague asked, “Can you device a means of making cigarette smoking safer without stopping people from smoking?” This study is targeted at answering that question thereby meeting the need of the public with regards to safety from the use of tobacco products. The active, second and third hand smokers are put into consideration in the fabrication of these molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) materials from this research activity.
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