Background of the Study
Historically the Internet emerged in the early 1970’s as a product of research which aimed to connect a U.S. Defence Department network called the ARPANET and various other radio and satellite networks (UNDP, 1999). The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple-linked and packed networks. This was known as the Internet (UNDP, 1999). The system of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Now there are two common means available to large number of people to 3 access Internet services all over the world. “There has emerged a two-tier system in which minority of privileged machines (servers) provide Internet services through a countless quantum of low status personal computers (PCs) and dispense Internet services to hundreds of millions of users globally” (Kunnuji, 2014, p.11). One factor which has contributed to the growth of the Internet usage was the invention of the World Wide Web (WWW), the multimedia side of the Internet (Heimrath & Goulding, 2003). The Internet is a major force driving information gathering and dissemination in the world today. The medium has brought significant changes into human communication in many dimensions. The Internet is seen as “a global system of connections between millions of computers that allows almost instant access to and dissemination of information,” (Adediran & Kehinde, 2014, p.66). According to Kennedy, Wellman, and Klement (2003), the User Services Working Group of The Engineering Task Force (ETF) claim that there is no agreed upon answer that can illustrate what the Internet is, but it can be seen as: - A computer network of networks based on the TCP/IP protocols which also has connections with networks and services that are based on other protocols. - A community of people who use and develop those networks. - A collection of people who use and develop those networks. Meanwhile, Bankole and Babalola (2015, p.1) described the Internet as “the fastest growing communication technology and has emerged as a major source of information that connects people, data and other computers, reducing the world to the much talked-about global village.” With the Internet technologies, the barrier of distance in reaching people is virtually nonexistent. The Internet provides many means of communication that people could use to 4 conveniently interact with their kith and kin regardless of location. Thus, the Internet phenomenon is a fundamental factor that is responsible for the shrinking of the world into a smaller entity in terms of the ease and speed at which people can reach or could be reached. So, physically dispersed people are made closer to each other through the Internet and its other technologies. This was the basic interpretation of the McLuhan’s ‘global village.’ Logan (2011) better explains the concept when he points out that: A key element in McLuhan’s historical overview of communications is that electric information moving at the speed of light creates new patterns of communication and social interactions. He describes this as ‘an instant implosion’ that reverses the specialism of the print age and contracts the globe to a village in which ‘everybody lives in the utmost proximity created by our electric involvement in one another’s lives’ McLuhan (p.45).
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