Background to the Study
The purpose of education is to develop knowledge, skills and character of students. Thus education is the process of learning and knowing, which is not restricted to schools or textbooks. Education is very important for an individual‘s life. According to Salihu (2015), education is a major aspect of development of any modern society. The importance of education is evident at every stage of education whether at primary, Junior Secondary, Senior Secondary and in Higher education. The quality of the education depends on the availability of resources in the school, and the performance of students depends greatly on the teachers‘ knowledge, skill and attitude. Schools that have qualified teachers, interactive teaching and learning materials, comfortable school compounds can provide qualitative and quantitative education for its learners (Salihu, Abdullahi, Alfa and Muhammed, 2015).The purpose of learning and teaching resources is to provide a source of learning experiences for students. Learning and teaching resources should be able to facilitate interaction among students and teachers during the learning/ teaching process, as well as to help students to learn, broaden students‘ learning experiences and meet different learning needs. If used effectively, learning and teaching resources can help students to construct knowledge for themselves and develop effective learning strategies, generic skills, values and attitudes, thus laying a solid foundation for life-long learning (Bryan and William 2016). There are techniques that encourage the development of creativity, ability or provide experience not easily secured in any other way. These techniques are embedded in the use 2 of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning has been widespread and popular with students and teachers and it promotes learning and teaching skills. One of the interesting aspects of ICT application is Multimedia resources. By multimedia resources, educators usually refer to the using of multimedia and Information Communication Technology (ICT) equipments which offer an effective dialogue between the resource materials- indirectly with the instructor and the students in comparison with traditional methods of teaching which may lack such interactivity (Nusir, Alsmadi, Al-kabi, and Shardqah, 2011). Moreover, multimedia has the potential to create high quality learning environments especially for students, with the capability of creating a more pragmatic learning context through its different medias- texts, graphics, sound, animation among others. Multimedia resources have paramount importance in teaching (Altherr, Wagner, Eckert, & Jodl, 2014). With the help of multimedia, one can present different phenomena and processes vividly, simulate complex content, and present different levels of abstraction. This helps in meaningful and authentic learning. Multimedia resources are useful especially when students have low motivation and low prior knowledge (Singh, 2013). This is an era of science and technology which are the backbone for the prosperity of a nation. Nigeria‘s education policies emphasized functional education for learners at all levels to trigger students‘ curiosity in scientific inquiry and understanding of scientific concepts and processes. The current teaching strategies have failed to enhance problemsolving skills, curiosity, and critical and logical thinking among pupils. There is a need to move from traditional approaches to more innovative information and communications technologies (ICTs) enriched approaches for meaningful learning. The fast-paced, diverse, 3 and technologically advanced world has posed challenges for both teachers and students. The use of ICTs in the teaching and learning process has become an important feature. Multimedia-aided teaching (MAT) is a means of instructional delivery usually used with the traditional method of teaching (Rolfe & Gray, 2011). It is a presentation consisting of words, sound, and pictures that is designed for meaningful learning (Mayer, 2015a; 2015b; 2015c). One of the teaching technologies included in the teaching-learning process is a series of multimedia applications developed due to advances in information technologies and cognitive theories. Considering the technology available today, The rapid growth of the internet highlights the importance of web-based learning environments and paves the way for educators to more greatly benefit from multimedia applications. Yui, Liu &Wai (2012) emphasize some of the most significant features of web-based learning environments, including less need for a multitude of devices; accessibility by anyone, anywhere, and anytime; independence of time and space limitations; and worldwide support for communication and cooperation. However, it is apparent that many of today‘s teachers of Social Studies at primary schools are caught in the midst of a change for which they may not have been professionally prepared. Many teachers were educated in the classrooms where the role of the student was to memorize information, conduct well-regulated experiments etc. and were then tested on their ability to repeat these tasks or remember specific facts.
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