INVESTIGATION OF COMMUTERS AS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO THE SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN PUBLIC PLACES
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- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Movement is associated with the spread of disease in many ways. One way in which travel helps communicable diseases to spread is by the introduction of a new microorganism into a new geographic area (Whitty, Ansah 2019).
A novel pathogen entering a population with no previous experience of this microbe causes the most severe disease. Microbes that cause mostly asymptomatic and mild infections spread the infection widely and thus still manage to cause severe outbreaks.
Organisms that survive in the human host primarily, or almost completely, such as the measles virus, readily spread in a new area. However, if one or more intermediate hosts or vectors are involved, or the microbe has a convoluted life cycle, introductions rarely lead to outbreaks in the new geographic area.
Permissive conditions may exist in a new location that allows the introduced pathogen to infect and spread, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population which has greater sexual freedoms, low use of barrier contraceptives, high frequency of anal sex, intravenous drug use, and so on.
Some parasites require the right intermediate host and environment to complete their life cycle. The dengue virus would be unable to establish itself without the concomitant presence of the right mosquito vectors. Tapeworms rarely cause human transmission in developed countries like the USA because the eggs, found in feces, which are disposed of hygienically, do not come in contact with other hosts (Lang 2015).
Sometimes, antimicrobial resistance characteristics, or atypical virulence genes, are introduced into another population by travelers. They may also carry in disease vectors.
Visitors to another area may experience infections to which the local populace is immune, such as hepatitis A, either due to the lack of immunity or because they do not take the precautions that the locals do.
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