A STUDY ON THE MALARIA VECTOR (ANOPHELES SPP) IN A SUDANO-SAHELIAN SAVANNAH AREA OF BORNO STATE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR PYRIPROXYFEN (S-31183)
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- NGN 3000
Abstract
Malaria is a major problem in the Sudano-sahel Northeastern Nigeria with the highest prevalence of malaria in pregnancy of 64.5 percent. Little is known about the major malaria vector and its role in malaria transmission. Longitudinal entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted to better understand the relationship of the key components in malaria transmission dynamics .Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled using pyrethroid spray collection and identified morphologically and by molecular methods of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for the bloodmeal analysis and mosquito infectivity by circumsporozoite detection. Malariometric indices were determined following the World Health Organization procedures. A total of 1030 female Anopheles mosquitoes were caught consisting of five species, namely, 1026 (99.6%) of Anopheles gambiae complex further identification using PCR showed the predominant sibling species were An. arabiensis Patton 95%(n=221) and An. gambiae s.s. 5%(n=12). Other Anopheles mosquitoes collected were morphologically identified as An. pharoensis, An. squamosus and An. rhodesiense. Results showed that the population of Anopheles arabiensis was significantly higher than that of Anopheles gambiae s.s (P0.05). Overall average Inhibition of Emergence (IE) rates were 86% for the first week (0-7days) then peaked to 100% during the second week (8-14days) and declined to 73% (15- 21days) on the third week and finally to 36% on the fourth week (22-28day). Percentage Inhibition of Emergence between 0.1 and 0.5mg (a.i)/l treatments were not different (P> 0.05). In planning effective site specific malaria vector control programmes under the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) program of the Federal Government of Nigeria, results of this study has highlighted the need to give special consideration to the predominance of a single malaria vector An. arabiensis in the Sudanosahel and the strong seasonality of malaria in contrast to other regions of Nigeria. Findings also demonstrated the potentials of pyriproxyfen as an effective mosquitoes larvicide for consideration under the Integrated Vector Management (IVM) program for use in Sudanosahel Northeastern Nigeria.
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