OPTIMIZATION STUDIES OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF COPPER AND ARSENIC IONS FROM SIMULATED WASTE WATER USING CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN – ZEOLITE BEADS
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ABSTRACT
This research presents the “Optimization Studies of Process Parameters for the Adsorption of Copper and Arsenic Ions from Simulated Waste Water using Chitosan and Chitosan – Zeolite Beads” which was achieved by developing adsorbents of chitosan and chitosan – zeolite composite beads under acidic and alkaline conditions such as acetic acid and sodium hydroxide mediums. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using X – Ray Diffraction, Brunauer Emmett Test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The SEM result of chitosan Zeolite has homogenous, cubic crystals and smooth flaky surface evenly distributed in the composite while that of Chitosan beads surface was relatively rough, irregular in shapes and shows presence of agglomerate particles. The mean crystallite size of Chitosan-Zeolite and Chitosan beads were obtained as 41.64 and 74.45 nm. And the BET result shows that the surface area of the Chitosan and Chitosan- Zeolite beads were found to be 376.40 m2 /g and 691.10 m2 /g respectively. Using the central composite design, the effect of the parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature and time on the adsorption rate of the heavy metal (Copper and arsenic) from the simulated waste water was investigated. The optimal conditions obtained for both adsorbents (chitosan beads and chitosan – zeolite beads) on copper removal were 0.5g, 0.5M, 500C and 80mins which translated to 98.03 and 99.78% removal and which also resulted to 96.22 and 99.10% removal respectively. The combined effect of adsorbent dosage and temperature and the combined effect of temperature and time from the four parameters studied for Chitosan beads were found to have the greatest impact on Copper and Arsenic removal while the combined effect of initial concentration and time and that of adsorbent dosage and initial concentration were also found to have the greatest impact on both Copper and Arsenic removal based on their F- values which were found to be (7.27 for Cu and 9.58 for As) removal using Chitosan beads while (17 .20 for Cu and 8.69 for As) removal for Chitosan – Zeolite beads . IR spectrum analysis suggested the different functional groups which are present in the Chitosan and Chitosan- Zeolite beads to be –CONH-, -CH2 and - CH3, C-O, stretching N-H bending, -NHC00CH3 and -NH bending. Batch adsorption studies on Chitosan- Zeolite beads for Copper and Arsenic removal showed significant effects on the variables adsorbent dosage, equilibrium time (90 min), initial metals concentration, pH and temperature. The results provide a good indication of the different operating conditions that would be required for efficient removal of Copper and Arsenic from aqueous solution. The isotherm parameters obtained from models revealed that Langmuir was the best isotherm that best described the adsorption process with the highest respective Correlation Coefficient R 2 value of 0.998 and 0.981 for Copper and Arsenic removal on Chitosan- Zeolite beads. The Copper and Arsenic adsorption process on Chitosan- Zeolite beads kinetics data were best modelled by pseudo second order kinetics with the R2 value 0.999 even at different temperatures. The thermodynamic constants, ΔG, ΔH and ΔS of the adsorption process showed that adsorption of the both metal on the adsorbent were endothermic, spontaneous and is built on the principle of physical adsorption which is caused by van der waals forces a relatively weak bond.
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