NEMATICIDAL EFFICACY OF SOIL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINSTTHEROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita) OF TOMATO
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ABSTRACT The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the plant parasitic nematodesthat causes serious economic damage on tomato plant. Due to loss of effectiveness andenvironmental hazard of chemical nematicide, the search for new agents of control hasbecome paramount. Therefore, nematicidal efficacy of soil fungal isolates on secondstagejuvenile of Meloidogyne incognita was carried out. Soil samples for the isolationof fungi and nematode were collected from botanical garden and infested soil of tomatofarms. Fungal species were isolated using serial dilution method while nematode was extractedusing pie-pan method. The in vitro antagonistic effects of fungi against M. incognitawereassessed in potato dextrose broth. In vivo was carried out in screen house where healthyand sterilized tomato seeds were sown in a 7 litre plastic buckets containing 5kgofsterilized loamy soil. The buckets were arranged in a completely randomized blockdesignon a bench with three (3) replicates. After germination of the tomato seeds, two weeks fromsowing,each bucket was thinned to one plant. One thousand (1000) juvenile secondstage(J2) M. incognita were inoculated in four holes round the stem of each plant in a bucket and on the next day 10 ml of fungi culture filtrates was inoculated into the same hole. Fourfungal species isolated were; Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicilliumchrysogenum and Rhizopus stolonifer while nematode isolated was M. incognita. Theresults of fungicidal activity against M. incognita after 24 and 48 hrs were A. niger (39.28and 78.47 %), A. nidulans (29.12 and 57.49 %), P. chrysogenum (18.59 and 47.48%) andR. stolonifer (8.05 and 26.43 %). In in vivo experiment, A. niger gave the highest valuesfor average plant height at maturity, number of fruits per plant and number of leaves perplant (46.43 cm, 10.33, and 69.67 respectively) and lowest value for number of galls perplant root (3.67). Lowest values were recorded for R. stolonifer in average plant height, number of fruits per plant and number of leaves per plant (26.13 cm, 5.33 and46.33respectively) and were the highest value for number of galls per plant roots (16.67). Thevalues recorded for A. niger and R. stolonifer differed significantly (P< 0.05). Diseaseincidence was highest in the control at harvest after treatment with the value 39.49%andA. niger had the lowest value of 7.18 % at harvest after treatment, the values recordedfor thecontrol and A. niger differed significantly (P< 0.05). The results of this study concludethat these fungal species could serve as biological agent for effective management of root-knot nematodes and bio-fertilizer for the enhancement of plant growth parameters.
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