Background to the Study
Attacks by terrorists have been reported the world over. In Nigeria, the Boko Haram terrorist organization first launched an uprising in 2009, leading to nearly a week of fighting that resulted in the death of about eight hundred (800) people. The group went dormant for more than a year before reemerging in 2010 with a series of assassinations. On August 25, 2011, the United Nations building in Abuja was bombed leaving over twenty seven (27) people dead and many others seriously injured. On October, 1, 2011, the same Boko Haram launched twin bomb blasts which claimed eleven (11) lives in Abuja (Newswatch 10-12). Prior to this period, on October 1, 2010, two cars loaded with bombs exploded near the Eagle Square; the venue of Nigeria‘s 50th independence anniversary celebration, killing over ten (10) people. What about the abduction or kidnapping of people and the vandalizing of pipelines by the Niger Delta militants which have almost become a monthly occurrence? As at September 2001, more than 6,000 people have been killed in terrorism- related violence that began since 1999. It is far from exaggeration to say that terrorism and civil disturbances in Nigeria have claimed not less than 300,000 lives. Writing in the year 2006, Alubo calculated that: Because of the level of terrorism and civil disturbances in the country, a figure of over 300,000 deaths would not be an over estimation. This appalling situation thus, makes it more plausible to project that terrorism and civil disturbances have become defining characteristics of Nigeria‘s return to democracy in the wake of the 21st century till date (qtd. in Awara 9). 2 On the international scene, terrorist attacks are frequently reported. On February 26, 1993, when the World Trade Centre in New York City was bombed for the first time, six people were killed and more than one thousand people were injured (cbsnew.com). On August 7, 1998, the embassies of the United States located in Kenya and Tanzania were attacked in nearly simultaneous truck bomb explosions, causing the loss of two hundred and twenty four (224) lives (washingtonpost.com inatl). The most devastating terrorist attack in the history of the U.S. was the September 11 2001, mayhem. On September 11, 2001: the United States became victim of the most deadly and devastating act of terrorism with the destruction of the Twin Towers of New York‘s World Trade Centre by means of hijacked passenger aircraft, and a similar onslaught on the country‘s military HQ, the Pentagon ( Omego, 83). As a result of these attacks, different governments of the world have come together to declare war on terrorism. This notwithstanding, the spate of terrorist attacks and killings seem not to have abated. It is as if nothing has been done when we consider the spate of killings by terrorists. The Al Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden has been killed, yet his organization still carries out terrorist attacks. Mohammed Yusuf, the founder of Boko Haram has been killed; yet it did not decrease the violent attacks by the group. In fact, his death was followed by many more reprisal attacks from Boko Haram. Many mainline terrorist operatives around the world have been killed or imprisoned by the anti-terrorist or counter terrorism coalition forces. The objectives of all these counter terrorism efforts in the words of President George W. Bush include ―reducing the disease that is attacking the world‖. Unfortunately, the world is still being bedeviled by terrorism. Several global and regional conferences have been held by different world leaders against terrorism. Regardless of all these concerted efforts, the so-called war on terror has not yielded the expected quick and decisive results. We have discovered that despite the spirited efforts and strategies employed 3 by world leaders and organizations to combat terrorism, they have paid little attention to the key role language plays in terrorism.
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