ABSTRACT
The research consists of investigating the possible presence and concentrations of heavy metals and the concentration of natural radionuclides in inorganic and organic fertilizers in Nigeria. The 40K activity mean concentrations of inorganic fertilizers was 566±0.36Bqkg-1 ranging from 101.45 to 1033.60 Bqkg-1 . 226Ra activity concentrations range from 22.99 to 34.48Bqkg-1 with a mean of 28.36±1.96Bqkg-1 , 232Th had a mean of 57.33±0.7Bqkg-1 ranging from 40.71 to 77.10 Bqkg-1 . The air absorbed dose rate ranged from 53.91 to 144.90nGyh-1 with a mean of 72.31nGy h-1 which is higher than the world average 51nGyh-1 . The annual effective dose rate had an average of 88.37 µSvy-1 (0.088mSvy-1 ) ranging from 60.51 to 178.23µSvy-1. The Raeq averaged 134Bqkg-1 ranging from 106 to 207Bqkg-1wich is far below the 370 Bqkg-1 set for radiation hazard. The Hex and Hin averaged 0.48 and 0.39 with ranges from 0.398 to 0.83 and 0.29 to 0.77 respectively. The 40K average activity concentration of the organic fertilizers was 305.33±0.196Bqkg-1 with a range from 120 to 907 Bqkg-1 , 232Th averaged 45.04Bqkg-1 ranging from 14.66to 60.20Bqkg-1 . 226Ra averaged 24.87±0.02Bqkg-1 with a range of 12.83 to 65.69Bqkg-1 . The average air absorbed dose rate was 51.59nGyh-1 it ranged from 30.33 to 101.23nGyh-1 . The annual effective dose rate averaged 61.33µSvy-1 (0.061) which is lower than the world average (0.07µSvy-1 )it ranged from 33.39 to 124.51μSvy-1 . The Raeq is 112.90Bqkg1 which is far below the 370Bqkg-1maximum.The Hex and Hin averaged 0.31 and 0.37respectively. From Radiological point, organic fertilizers do not impart significant radiological risk, because the radiological hazard indices are low compared to world averages. For the elemental analysis of inorganic fertilizer, nine fertilizers analyzed contain Cd 3.6mg/kg, Cu 11mg/kg Fe 6,228/kg, Zn 475 mg, Mn 4.42 mg/kg and Ti 631mg/kg. Eight fertilizers contain, in addition to metals above Cr 34 mg/kg, Si 814mg/ kg and K 62,954mg/kg. All except two contain Vanadium 25mg /kg. Six contain Pb 1.2 mg/kg. All inorganic fertilizers contain at least 13 heavy metals in their composition. Nine of the organic fertilizers contain Cd 0.14 mg/kg, Cu 1.8 mg/kg, Fe136 mg/kg, Ni 1.6 mg/kg, Zn .9.9 mg/kg and Mn 22.45 mg/kg. Eight organic fertilizers in addition to the metals listed above also contain, Cr 0.7 mg/kg, As 1.1 mg/kg, Co 2.7 mg/kg, Si 8130 mg/kg and Ti 298 mg/kg. Two organic fertilizers recorded the presence of Cs 0.18 mg/kg and Sb 0.06 mg /kg. The presence of the elements in the environment does not pose any immediate hazard to the environment because the concentrations are within those found in soils. However; constant monitoring of the environment should be done to avoid the accumulation of these elements in the environment.
Abstract
In order to remain competitive, companies need to be constantly vigilant and aware of the current trends in the industry in whic...
ABSTRACT
The term unemployment can be defined as an economics condition marked by the fact that individ...
Abstract: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF COSTING METHODS FOR OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING DECISIONS
This research assesses the impact of va...
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
According to Canadian Nurses Association (2016), nursing code of ethics serves a...
Background of the study
In recent years, rapid technical advancement and n...
Abstract
Accounting is a body of knowledge which does not have a gingle definition, vicarious and several actions have c...
ABSTRACT
This is a research work which examine the causes of small-scale business failures in Nigeria&n...
Abstract
The aim of this research is to find out teachers' perceptions on the significance of entrepreneurship education as a tool fo...
Abstract
This study is on economic operation and integration in West Africa (1999-2010). The total population for...
Background of the study
Water is necessary for life, and its availability, usage, and spatial distribution are all linke...