DETERMINATION OF COMPETENCIES REQUIRED BY TRADE ARTISANS FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN ENUGU STATE
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Background to the Study
The state of the economy and socio-economic well-being of any society is linked to the effectiveness of its education and the competencies of the work force. The effectiveness of any nation's labour force and skill development programme can be achieved when it is geared towards functional system of education such as technical, vocational education and training (TVET). This is because according to Samuel (2011), technical, vocational education and training as an academic programme has acknowledged accepted as an investment in human resource development and as a critical factor in any socio-economic development. The Federal Republic of Nigeria FRN (2013) expressed special concern for functional education; that is education that is practically oriented and relevant to the needs of the society as well as for self reliance. This informs us that for education to be relevant to the people it must be designed for development of skills which are responsive and relevant to the country's human resources required for production and desired to eradicate poverty (Samuel, 2011). This is in line with what Hunsaker (2001) stated that employees must have been equipped adequately with the relevant technical and other complementary (generic) skills and competencies needed in their vocation. This implies that high level of competency is imperative in the success or practice of any trade or vocation. Competency, according to Alio and Uzor (2010), is a combination of knowledge, skills, attitude and values displayed in the context of task performance. Alio and Uzor stated that competency is a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes that 1 2 2 can be developed through training which are adequate for accomplishing some specific tasks. Therefore, the competencies of electrical trade artisans in the context of this study is the ability of this set of workers to possess required theoretical knowledge, practical skills, entrepreneurship skills, managerial skills and work attitude, skills, available in Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET). In another perspective, competency is the ability to do something well, in relation to some standard. It is the specific ability one has to perform or carry out tasks with efficiency and effectiveness. Specific abilities are acquired through experience and training. Competency can equally be defined as the ability or capacity to carry out any action and skills characterized with complexities and difficulties (Ogbuanya, Abdullahi & Ado, 2013). Also, Olaitan (2003) stated that competency implies that the said individual has the required knowledge, skills and attitudes in order to perform successfully at work. Grove (2003) opined that competency is a quality or state of being functionally adequate or having knowledge, skills or strength to carry out a particular duty or task. Therefore competency is a set of defined behaviours that provide a structured guide enabling the identification, evaluation and development of the behaviours in an individual employee. It is a combination of knowledge, skills and behaviour used to improve performance, or the state or quality of being adequate or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific task. In line with these assertions, Samuel (2011), stated that artisans (electrical trade artisans inclusive) will be effective only if they possess skills and competencies to achieve some of the TVET objectives of wealth creation. This requires adequate training, using the right materials and appropriate method by the 3 3 artisans. Effective performance in any given vocation, trade or occupation requires acquisition or possession of required competencies, knowledge and attitude. Therefore, individuals seeking to enter into an occupation, like electrical trade, should possess the necessary and needed competencies, knowledge and attitude to be able to achieve maximally in production of goods and services available in such occupation such as electrical installation.
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