ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the pharmacognostic standards and antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of Swartzia madagascariensis Desv (Fabaceae). This plant is widely distributed in Northern part of Nigeria; it has been exploited for both its medicinal and economic importance. It is used in the treatment of infections such as cutaneous wounds. Microscopic, chemomicroscopic, quantitative microscopic studies, qualitative and thin layer chromatographic studies, toxicity studies and antibacterial evaluation were carried out using standard methods. Microscopical studies revealed the presence of straight - walled anticlinal walls, polygonal epidermal cells, trichomes, anomocytic stomata on abaxial surface. The transverse section of the leaf through the lamina and midrib tissue was examined and revealed different anatomical features include: epidermal layers, palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, vascular bundles consisting of xylem and phloem vessels. Microscopy of the powder revealed fragments of starch grain, calcium oxalate crystals, lignified collenchyma, unicellular covering trichome and lignified fibre as a characteristic of the plant. Chemomicroscopical studies of the powdered leaves were found to have cellulose, lignin, calcium oxalate, tannins, and starch. The quantitative microscopic results were observed to be: stomatal number (201), stomatal index (9.5), palisade ratio (7.3), vein islets (29.5) and vein termination numbers (15.0). The physicochemical constants evaluated were moisture contents (6.7%), total ash value (6.0%), water soluble ash (4.5%), acid insoluble ash (1.0%), ethanol extractive value (15%) and water extractive value (24%). Phytochemical screening on the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and anthracenes. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate extract (most active extract) confirms the presence of some chemical constituents in the leaf extracts namely flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes. Acute toxicity study viii found the leaf extract to have an LD50 of 288.5mg/kg body weight (i.p) in mice. The antibacterial studies carried out on the leaf extracts showed zones of inhibition ranging from 17-18 mm, 24-27 mm and 21-22 mm for hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts respectively. These values were less than that of ciprofloxacin (32 – 37 mm) that was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the three extracts was determined at 0.5 scale Mcfarland‟s turbidity standard. The extracts at the concentrations of 20 mg/ml (hexane), 10 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) and 10 mg/ml (ethanol). They also gave Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations at 40 mg/ml each of hexane and ethanol extracts and 20 mg/ml for the ethyl acetate extract. It was observed that gram positive bacteria (Staph. aureus and Strep. pyogenes) were more sensitive to the extracts than the gram negative bacteria (E. coli). Results of the present studies had shown that S. madagascariensis is a promising medicinal plant with antibacterial property.
Abstract
This paper investigated the challenges or constraints of women in continuing higher education programme with pa...
ABSTRACT
The cost and return analysis of different sizes of integrated broiler farms in Oru East in Imo...
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults globally. Type 2 diabetes is a disease associated wit...
ABSTRACT:- Organizations effectiveness is enhanced due to their willingness to promote a sense of commitment and...
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine internal control in WAEC examinations. The study investigates key probl...
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of cancer prevention strategies among staff of Federal unive...
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER-CENTRIC STRATEGIES IN BUSINESS SUCCESS
This research examined the role of customer-centric strategi...
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The internet is an interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol sui...
Education is an instrument that affects national development in Nigeria. It helps in the development of self and the society in the social, economi...
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to find out the effects of stress on the secretary’s job performance. A ques...