0704-883-0675     |      dataprojectng@gmail.com

COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF THE LEAVES OF SOLANUM INCANUM LINN AND SOLANUM MELONGENA LINN (SOLANACEAE)

  • Project Research
  • 1-5 Chapters
  • Abstract : Available
  • Table of Content: Available
  • Reference Style: APA
  • Recommended for : Student Researchers
  • NGN 3000

ABSTRACT

Solanum incanum Linn. and Solanum melongena Linn (Solanaceae) are both shrubs or trees found in the sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Both are called „gauta‟ among the Hausa community of Northern Nigeria and „Tarku‟ among the Bura/Babar speaking people of Southern Borno of North Eastern Nigeria. They are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of pain related illnesses such as sore throat, angina, stomach-ache, colic, headache, painful menstruation, liver pain and pain caused by onchocerciasis, pleurisy, pneumonia and rheumatism. Microscopic, chemo-microscopic, quantitative evaluative and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) studies were carried out on the leaves of both plant species using standard pharmacognostic procedures. Elemental analysis using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique was also carried out on the two plant species. Organoleptically, leaves of both plants were green in colour and distinct in odour, but S. incanum had a more bitter taste than S. melongena. Microscopically, leaves of both plants had predominantly anisocytic stomata of different sizes on the adaxial surface, while anomocytic stomata were predominant on the abaxial surfaces. Numerous non glandular stellate trichomes of different sizes were observed on the abaxial surface of both plants. Epidermal cells with wavy anticlinal walls were observed on both surfaces of the two plant species. Transversely, the leaves of both plants were dorsiventral with multilacunar vascular bundles. Calcium oxalate crystal (prism), starch grains (oval-shaped) and xylem vessels (spiral) were observed. Quantitative-leaf microscopy of the two plants had shown that S. melongena had a higher vein-islet termination number (4.80) than S. incanum (3.40). They also differ in their stomatal numbers and indices: 4.00 and 6.80 (upper epidermis) and 12.00 and 20.50 (lower epidermis) in S. melongena were higher than 2.00 and 3.70 (upper epidermis) and 8.00 and 13.30 (lower epidermis) in S. incanum respectively, but had viii the same palisade ratio (4.60) and vein-islet number (2.60). Chemomicroscopic studies showed that both plants had all features tested in common, namely cellulose, lignin, starch, tannins, mucilage, fats and fixed oils and calcium oxalate crystals were present, while calcium carbonate was absent. Physicochemical analysis (%w/w) revealed that water-soluble ash (10.2%) and water-soluble extractive value (19.2%) were higher in S. melongena than in S. incanum (8.4%) and (18%) respectively. While moisture content (4.1%), total ash (20.5%), acid-insoluble ash (7.0%) and alcohol-soluble extractives (12.4%) were found to be higher in S. incanum than in S. melongena (3.5%), (19.0%), (6.0%) and (9.6%) respectively. Quantitative estimation of alkaloids in the leaves of the two plants revealed that S. incanum (8.0%) had a slightly higher percentage of alkaloid than S. melongena (5.0%). The mineral element concentrations (ppm) of the leaf powder of the two plants were found to vary considerably. Generally, S. incanum was found to contain more mineral elements both in number and concentrations than S. melongena. Uranium (0.026+0.007) the potentially toxic element and Neodymium (11.000+3.000) were only present in S. incanum. The percentage yield of the ethanol extract obtained revealed that S. incanum (2.42%) had a higher percentage yield than S. melongena (1.29%). Phytochemical screening on the ethanol extracts of both plants showed that they had all the phytochemicals tested in common namely; alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins and saponins were present while anthraquinone was absent. Thin Layer Chromatographic analysis of the crude ethanol extract showed several numbers of spots with different Rf values. Chromatographic analysis of the alkaloid extract of S. incanum and S. melongena also showed several numbers of spots with different Rf values. The results of this study show that Solanum incanum and S. melongena possess some similar morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characteristics. They were found to differ in respect to their histological features, ix physicochemical parameters and elemental mineral contents. The result can be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the differentiation, identification, authentication and the preparation of the monograph of the two plants.





Related Project Materials

IMPACT OF ANAMBRA BROADCASTING SERVICE TELEVISION (ABS) BUSINESS LINK PROGRAMME ON THE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES OF AWKA RESIDENTS

Abstract

In the dawn of this millennium where communication technologies have taken new and intriguing dimensions, television programmes...

Read more
THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS ON VOCATIONAL SKILL ACQUISITION

ABSTRACT: The Impact of Apprenticeship Programs on Vocational Skill Acquisition investigates the effectiveness of apprenticeship programs in enhanc...

Read more
INVESTIGATING INNOVATIONS IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT: Innovations in vocational training for sustainable tourism management are critical for equipping future professionals with the skill...

Read more
ADULT EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: THE CONSEQUENCE OF NEGLECT AGENDA FOR ACTION

ABSTRACT

This research with title adult education in Nigeria: the consequence of neglect agenda for action is an active...

Read more
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT

This research entitled local Government and community development: A case study of Owerri Muni...

Read more
SPATIO TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF WATERBORNE DISEASES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Waterborne diseases have been a major health issue globally because of the bu...

Read more
INFLUENCE OF GRADUATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FUND (GEF) ON YOUTH ECONOMIC INCLUSION

ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to determine the influence of graduate entrepreneurship fund (...

Read more
ASSESSMENT OF SUPPORTING TRANSITIONS STRATEGIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION FROM HOME TO SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract: This research explores effective strategies to support transitions in early childhood education (E...

Read more
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ELECTRONINC INVOICING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

This research work is concise and generally summarizes the activities duly carried out in the design and im...

Read more
EXAMINATION OF TEST ANXIETY ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

First let us see what is anxiety? Anxiety means apprehension, tension, or uneasiness characterize...

Read more
Share this page with your friends




whatsapp