0704-883-0675     |      dataprojectng@gmail.com

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE MIDDLE STRETCH OF RIVER KADUNA (MALALI – RIGASA)

  • Project Research
  • 1-5 Chapters
  • Abstract : Available
  • Table of Content: Available
  • Reference Style: APA
  • Recommended for : Student Researchers
  • NGN 5000

ABSTRACT

The water in River Kaduna is used for; domestic purposes, fishing, recreational activities as well as irrigation of crops.However, literatures have revealed that there are lots of anthropogenic activities occurring within the middle stretch of the river that could likely deteriorate its water quality as it flows through the Kaduna city metropolis. Hence, this research was targeted at evaluating the water quality of the middle stretch of River Kaduna with respect to seasonality and land use, mapping the water quality of the catchment using Geographic Information System (GIS), determining Water Quality Index (WQI) for the sampling sites considered and finally, optimizing the number of sampling sitesand water quality parameters analyzed. These were achieved by using standard methods to analyze 13 water quality parameters from samples collected at 15 sampling sites along the middle stretch of River Kaduna on a monthly basis for a period of 12 calendar months. The water quality parameters analyzed includes temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride ion (Cl- ), pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Others are; dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Laboratory results were subjected to different software packages (ArcGIS 10.5,JMP 13, CorelDRAW X7 and VB.Net 2017) and it was shown that the water quality of River Kaduna was more deteriorated during the dry season. However, COD and TP were found to be the only parameters that never met the requirement set by FEPA throughout the sampling period irrespective of the sampling location and season. This is because the least measured concentrations of COD and TP were 35.34±0.1 mg/l and 0.109±0.05mg/l, respectively as against their respective permissible limits (20 mg/l and0.1 mg/l).Built-up, industrial, and agricultural land uses contributed significantly to the impairment of River Kaduna water quality while vegetation (forest coverage) mitigated the deterioration of the vii water quality to a certain degree. GIS mapping was able to identify the water quality of the nonsampling points within the monitored portion of the river. In addition, the WQI (Canadian) revealed that the water quality of 11 sampling locations were marginal as their index values ranged from 48.51 to 63.62 however, the remaining 4 sampling locations had poor index values ranging from 23.41 to 30.85. These sampling sites with poor WQI values were located at the confluence points of; Kutimbi stream (between Narayi and Barnawa towns), Omo stream (at Kigo road new extension), Nigeria Breweries drainage (at Kakuri) and River Rigasa. An equation for predicting the WQI along River Kaduna was developed as; 𝐶𝑊𝑄𝐼𝑝 = 0.0194𝐾𝑑 2 + 0.0006𝐾𝑑 + 48.9697 where: 𝐶𝑊𝑄𝐼𝑝 and 𝐾𝑑 represent predicted Canadian WQI and distance away from Kakuri along direction of flow respectively.Furthermore, the 15 sampling sites monitored fell into two major clusters viz: moderately polluted sites and highly polluted sites which correspond to sampling sites having marginal and poor WQI respectively.Analyzed laboratory results further revealed that 8 of the 13 water quality parameters examined (turbidity, TDS, Cl- , EC, DO, COD,TN and TP) were critical parameters on a factor loading>0.75 and accounted for 75.78% of the variation in water quality of the river.Regulatory agencies were advised to check the anthropogenic activities occurring at the hot spot areas shown in the GIS maps especially at Kakuri, Tudun Wada and Rigasa communities so as to put in place appropriate mitigation measures.




FIND OTHER RELATED TOPICS


Related Project Materials

EARLY MARRIAGE AMONG TEENAGERS; IMPLICATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the implications of the early marriage practices among teenage girls in Otta, Ogun stat...

Read more
An Examination of Land Documentation Challenges in Kaduna State

Background of the Study
Land documentation is a fundamental aspect of property ownership and real estate transactions. In K...

Read more
AUDIO VISUAL AIDS AND ICT: CORRELATES OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN LAGOS STATE PUBLIC SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to evaluate  audio visual aids and ict: correlates of senior s...

Read more
EFFECT OF ETHICAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This work assess the ethical accounting practice and organizational productivity in Nigeria a case study of Nig...

Read more
Assessing the Impact of Media Laws on Freedom of the Press in Sokoto South Local Government Area, Sokoto State

Background of the Study

Freedom of the press is a cornerstone of democracy, enabling journalists to hold power accountab...

Read more
Effectiveness of Financial Analysis Tools in Public Sector Management in Kankia LGA

Background of the Study

In public sector management, financial analysis tools play a c...

Read more
An appraisal of the use of biofuels as an alternative energy source in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State

Background of the Study

With increasing concerns over climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, biofuels have emerged as...

Read more
NIGERIA'S FEDERAL CHARACTERS- A TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT

Background to the Study

In a great number of developing nations, particularly those in Africa, the lack...

Read more
An investigation of informal education’s impact on students' leadership development in Zuru Local Government Area, Kebbi State

Background of the study
Leadership development is a key component of personal and professional growth, and informal educat...

Read more
EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Organizations are driven by efficiency and achievement that manifests itself in the form of tangible results for t...

Read more
Share this page with your friends




whatsapp