DEVELOPMENTAND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCOMPOSITES FROM POLYLACTIC ACID AND GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH NANOPARTICLES
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- NGN 3000
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Nanocomposite is a class of composites in which the dimensions of the reinforcing particles are in the order of 1-100 nanometers. Because of this nanometer size characteristic, nanocomposites possess superior properties to the conventional composites due to larger interfacial adhesion. In the past, major interest has been in the use of synthetic materials such as aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, polyvinyl alcohols, polyesteramides, polystyrene, nanoclays, glass and carbon fibres and carbon nanotubesfor the production of nanocomposite materials. The use of these materials, however, present great challenges (Nagata and Miyajima, 2008), which includes the shortage of the organic compounds due to declining oil and gas resources as well as fluctuation in oil and gas prices. Other disadvantages include environmental concerns for their degradation or incineration, global warming, uneconomical costs and cross contaminations during recycling and toxicity risks (Huda et al., 2008). These concerns gave birth to the quest for materials that can withstand these challenges and also have the same properties (Huda et al., 2008). The use of polymer reinforced composites from renewable sources has advantages over synthetic sources, particularly as a solution to the environmental problems generated by plastic waste (Huda et al., 2005). Green composite is today widely researched because of the need for innovations in the development of materials from biodegradable polymers, preservation of fossil-based raw materials, complete biological degradability and reduction in the volume of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. Applications of agricultural resources (wastes and products) for the production of green materials are some of the reasons why green composites have attracted tremendous research interests (Hu and Lim, 2007). 5 The use of these biocomposites is expected to improve manufacturing speed and recycling with enhanced environmental compatibility (Grozdanov et al., 2006). Another problem i sthe low processing temperatures that must be used because of the possibility of thermaldegradation of the fibres/particles, which might affect the biocomposite properties. Therefore,studies aiming at the modification of polymer with groundnut shell ash nano particles to improve its thermal properties formed part of this research.
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