BITUMINOUS STABILIZATION OF LATERITE MODIFIED WITH LIME FOR USE AS PAVEMENT MATERIALS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Excerpt from the Study
In an effort to improve the suitability of lateritic soil as a pavement material, the air dried samples were treated with Lime/Bitumen in stepped concentration of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 % by dry weight of the soil. The preliminary investigation conducted on the natural lateritic soil showed that the soil belongs to the CH group using the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM, 1992) or A-7-6(14) soil group using the AASHTO soil classification system (AASHTO, 1986). The MDD decreased with higher additive blend as it decreased from 1.67 to 1.49 mg/m3 at 6 % Lime with 6 % Bitumen treatment. The OMC, on the other hand, decreased with higher bitumen content but increases with higher lime content. The decreases may be due to the effect of breakdown of the flocculated aggregates and elimination of large pores. The increase in OMC is as a result of increase in lime content is as a result more water needed to dissociate Ca2+ and OHions to supply Ca2+ for the cation exchange reaction. The OMC value decreases from 13.2 % for the natural soil to a value of 12.3 % at 0% lime with 8% bitumen emulsion. This is in comformity with same trend reported by Hausmann (1990), Stephen (2006), Osinubi et al.(2007a) and Sani (2012). The UCS values showed a sharp increase from 235 to 985, 999 and 1078 kN/m2 at 6 % bitumen emulsion with 6 % lime, 6% bitumen emulsion with 8% lime and 6% bitumen emulsion with 10% lime respectively. The UCS values obtained fell short of 1710 kN/m2 specified by TRRL (1977) as a criterion for adequate stabilization using OPC. The values of 985, 999 and 1078 kN/m2 at 6 % bitumen emulsion plus 6 % lime, 6 % bitumen emulsion plus 8 % lime and 6 % bitumen emulsion plus 10 % lime 66 respectively on the other hand meet the requirement of 687–1373 kN/m2 for sub-base as specified byIngles and Metcalf (1972). The 28 days curing period UCS values obtained showed that the Lime/Bitumen blend had a long time advantage in terms of strength gain. There were tremendous increases in the values of UCS from their natural states. A peak value of 1839 kN/m2 was recorded at 6 % bitumen emulsion with 10 % lime from a natural value of 305 kN/m2 . The CBR value increased with higher additive content to a peak value of 47 % at 8 % bitumen emulsion with 10 % lime. The low value of CBR recorded is as a result of the ingress of water into the specimen which weakened it and reduced its strength. The CBR value obtained did not meet the 80 % value for Base material as recorded by the Nigeria General Specification (1997), but meets the 30 % requirement for sub-base materials specified by the Nigeria General Specification (1997). The resistance to loss in strength increased from 14.5 for the natural to a peak value of 61.25 % at 6 % bitumen emulsion with 2 % lime content. The peak resistance to loss in strength value of 61.25 % fell short of the acceptable 80 % specified by Ola (1974) and Osinubi(1998, 1999). Based on the test results presented, the stabilized soil using bitumen emulsion (MS2) and hydrated lime, meet the specification for mainly sub-base. Therefore, bitumen emulsion stabilization and lime modifications may be employed to improve A7-6 laterite as only fill or sub-base material on very lightly trafficked roads with restriction on the wheel loads.
Related Project Materials
THE ROLE OF FULANI RADIO IN RESOLVING HERDSMEN-FARMERS CRISIS IN NIGERIA
Background Of The Study
Radio is a form of technology for signaling or communicating using radio waves....
EFFECTS OF COUNSELING SERVICES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This project work was to investigate in the effects of counseling services on academic performance of students...
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF CIPROFLOXACIN TABLET IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS
ABSTRACT
Ciprofloxacin is a flouroquinololone antibiotic that is commonly prescribed empirically in Nigeria due to its broad spectrum of...
THE IMPACT OF NON-FINANCIAL INCENTIVES ON BRICKLAYERS PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA
The study examines the impact of financial incentives on bricklayer’s productivity in Banga House Construction Kaduna. The r...
THE USES OF COMMITTEES AND GROUP MEETINGS IN ENHANCING DECISION MAKING IN NIGERIA PUBLIC SERVICE, (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY BASIC EDUCATION BOARD, AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE)
ABSTRACT
THE MAJOR PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE THE USES OF COMMITTEES AND GROUP MEETINGS IN ENHANCING DECISION M...
NIGERIA’S NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME: Prospects and Challenges
Background Of Study
Since 1981, when the Nigerian Medical Association conducted a meeting in Calabar a...
NIGERIA’S IMAGE AND THE PLACE OF THE PUBLIC RELATION IN ITS RECONSTRUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Nigeria is one of the famous and great countries that is surrounded with an extreme...
IMMORALITY IN CHURCHES: ISSUES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Abstracts
The study examines immorality in churches: issues and the way forward. Specifically, the study aims to examine...
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF JOGGING ON SELECTED RISK FACTORS AND BIOMARKERS OF CARDIO-METABOLIC SYNDROME OF ADOLESCENTS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the effects of jogging on selected risk factors and biomarkers of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) of adolesce...
ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN ACHIEVING A SUSTAINABLE HEALTH CARE IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the role of mass media in achieving a sustainable health...
