Abstract
This research work examined and compares the physicochemical properties and some chemical constituents of selected energy drinks. Fourteen (14) brands of energy drinks samples consisting eleven (11) liquid and three (3) powdered forms were randomly purchased. All samples were analyzed for their physicochemical properties (pH, turbidity, conductivity and total dissolved solids), trace and heavy metals, aspartame, sugar and caffeine contents. Results showed that the physicochemical properties (i.e. pH, turbidity, conductivity and total dissolved solids) ranged from 4.47 ± 0.012 - 5.96 ± 0.012, 8 ± 0.577
– 592 ± 1.155 NTU, 2.21 ± 0.006 – 1975 ± 1.732 µs/cm, and 243 ± 0.577 – 1064 ± 0.577 mg/L respectively. Energy drinks analyzed all fell within the FDA recommended range for the physicochemical properties analyzed. Iron, calcium, zinc and potassium were found in all the energy drinks and their concentration ranged from 1.961 ± 0.0003 - 0.294 ± 0.0005 mg/L, 2.763 ± 0.0009 - 19.310 ± 0.0015 mg/L, 0.045 ± 0.0001 - 13.887 ± 0.0037 mg/L, and 2.0 to 2500 mg/L respectively. The copper, lead and manganese concentration of energy drinks ranged from 0.002 ± 0.0002 - 0.102 ± 0.0003 mg/L, 0.028 ± 0.0006 - 0.209
± 0.0009 mg/L and 0.003 ± 0.0001 - 0.024 ± 0.0002 mg/L respectively. The concentration of copper and manganese were below the MCL of 1.0 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L respectively while lead had a concentration above the MCL of 0.01 mg/L. Cadmium was not detected in all energy drinks except for sample EJ which had a concentration of 0.102 ± 0.0003 mg/L and exceeded the MCL of 0.005 mg/L. The caffeine, aspartame and sugar concentrations ranged from 1.11 mg/L – 2487.13 mg/L, 6.51 mg/L – 1491.19 mg/L, and 16.98 – 1686.73 mg/L respectively. Caffeine and aspartame concentrations in all the energy drink samples were below the FDA set standard of 400 mg/L and 3000 mg/L respectively except for sample AL which had a concentration above the set standard for
caffeine. Though the analyzed parameters were mostly below the set standards, especially caffeine, aspartame and sugar, it is important that the pattern of consumption of these drinks must be monitored to minimize ingestion of excess doses of harmful substances to prevent the reported adverse effects.
Background of the Study
Community-based initiatives play a pivotal role in enhancing early childhood education, particular...
Background of the study:
Digital branding strategies have become central to building a strong brand identity in today&rsquo...
Abstract: THE ROLE OF DEMAND FORECASTING IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
The objective of this study is to explore the role of demand forecast...
Background of the Study
Digital graphics have become a pivotal medium in the dissemination of information, particularly in...
1.1 Background of the Study
Renewable energy solutions are increasin...
Background of the Study
Measles remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children in many develo...
Background of the Study :
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) innovations have become a key driver of customer loyalty in the banking...
Leadership plays a vital role in shaping nursing practice, influencing nurse...
Background of the study:
Customer segmentation is a critical component of targeted marketing strategies, enabling companies...
Background of the Study
Nurses in oncology units often face heavy workloads due to the complex needs of...