Background of the study
Code‑switching, the practice of alternating between languages or dialects, is a common phenomenon in Nigerian digital communication. WhatsApp and Facebook, as two major social media platforms, exhibit distinct patterns of code‑switching that reflect the country's linguistic diversity and cultural dynamism (Obi, 2023). On WhatsApp, conversations tend to be intimate and spontaneous, often featuring seamless shifts between indigenous languages and English. Conversely, Facebook interactions are more public and structured, leading to a different style of language alternation that balances formal and informal registers (Ibrahim, 2024). This study examines the factors influencing code‑switching on these platforms, including social context, audience expectations, and digital affordances. It explores how users negotiate identity and social relationships through language mixing, and how these practices contribute to the evolution of Nigerian digital discourse. By comparing WhatsApp and Facebook, the research aims to reveal the nuanced ways in which digital communication environments shape multilingual practices and influence language norms (Adebayo, 2023). The findings are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of code‑switching as a strategic and creative tool in the digital era.
Statement of the problem
Although code‑switching is widely observed in Nigerian digital communication, there is limited comparative research examining its practice on WhatsApp and Facebook. Current studies often address code‑switching in isolation or within traditional contexts, neglecting the influence of digital platforms (Chukwu, 2023). This lack of systematic analysis hampers our understanding of how different digital environments affect language alternation and the resulting linguistic outcomes. Without a detailed comparison, the role of platform-specific features in shaping code‑switching practices remains inadequately understood, limiting the development of comprehensive models of digital multilingualism (Ibrahim, 2024).
Objectives of the study
Research questions
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it provides a comparative appraisal of code‑switching practices on major Nigerian social media platforms. The insights will inform linguists, educators, and digital communication experts about the dynamics of multilingual digital interaction, thereby enhancing our understanding of language evolution in digital contexts (Obi, 2023).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study focuses exclusively on code‑switching in WhatsApp and Facebook posts among Nigerian users. It does not extend to other platforms or offline interactions, ensuring a concentrated analysis of the specified phenomenon.
Definitions of terms
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