Background of the Study
Code‑switching—the alternating between languages within communication—is a common feature of Nigerian social media. On WhatsApp, conversations are typically informal and intimate, encouraging frequent shifts between indigenous languages and English. In contrast, Facebook offers a more public forum where code‑switching is often used strategically to address diverse audiences and signal cultural identity (Uzo, 2023). This study evaluates code‑switching practices across these two platforms by examining conversational dynamics, message content, and contextual triggers. The research explores how digital affordances such as privacy, audience design, and interaction style influence the frequency and function of language alternation. It also considers the role of social identity and cultural context in shaping code‑switching behavior among Nigerian users. By comparing these distinct digital environments, the study provides insights into the mechanisms of bilingual communication and the impact of technology on linguistic practices. Recent findings suggest that the medium significantly mediates language choices, reinforcing the need for a comparative approach to understanding code‑switching in digital spaces (Ibrahim, 2024).
Statement of the Problem
While code‑switching is prevalent in Nigerian digital communication, there is a dearth of comparative research that examines its manifestations on both WhatsApp and Facebook. Existing studies have typically focused on one platform, thereby overlooking how different digital environments influence bilingual practices. This gap limits our understanding of the factors that drive language alternation in varied contexts. The current study addresses this deficiency by systematically comparing code‑switching practices in WhatsApp and Facebook, aiming to reveal the impact of platform-specific affordances on linguistic behavior (Chukwu, 2023).
Objectives of the Study:
To compare code‑switching patterns on WhatsApp and Facebook.
To identify the factors influencing these practices.
To assess the implications for bilingual identity.
Research Questions:
How does code‑switching differ between WhatsApp and Facebook?
What digital factors influence language alternation?
What are the social implications of these practices?
Significance of the Study
This study contributes to our understanding of bilingual communication by comparing code‑switching across digital platforms. Its findings have practical implications for educators and communication strategists in multilingual contexts (Uzo, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to WhatsApp and Facebook interactions in Nigeria.
Definitions of Terms:
Code‑Switching: Alternating between two or more languages in conversation.
WhatsApp: A private messaging platform.
Facebook: A public social media platform.
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