Background of the Study
Digital code‑switching—the alternating between languages in online communication—has become a defining feature of Nigerian social media. WhatsApp and Facebook provide distinct contexts for code‑switching due to their differing modes of interaction. WhatsApp’s private, instantaneous messaging encourages informal language blending, while Facebook’s public and interactive environment supports a more varied use of languages and dialects (Uzo, 2023). This study evaluates digital code‑switching by comparing language use on both platforms, examining the frequency, contexts, and functions of switching between indigenous languages and English. It explores how digital affordances, audience expectations, and social identities influence code‑switching practices. The research situates these practices within theoretical frameworks of bilingual communication, providing insights into how digital platforms serve as spaces for dynamic linguistic negotiation and identity construction (Ibrahim, 2024). This comparative analysis elucidates the mechanisms by which online communication shapes language choices in diverse social settings.
Statement of the Problem
Although code‑switching is prevalent in Nigerian online communication, research comparing its manifestations on WhatsApp and Facebook is limited. The distinct communicative environments of these platforms likely lead to different patterns and functions of code‑switching, yet existing studies have not adequately explored these differences. This gap in the literature hampers our understanding of how digital communication influences bilingual practices and language identity formation. This study seeks to address this issue by providing a comparative analysis of code‑switching across WhatsApp and Facebook, highlighting the role of platform-specific factors in shaping language use (Chukwu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
To compare code‑switching patterns on WhatsApp and Facebook.
To identify the social and technological factors influencing these practices.
To assess the implications of digital code‑switching for language identity.
Research Questions:
What are the differences in code‑switching patterns between WhatsApp and Facebook?
How do platform characteristics influence these patterns?
What are the broader implications for bilingual identity in digital spaces?
Significance of the Study
This study provides a comparative perspective on digital code‑switching, contributing to our understanding of bilingual communication in Nigerian online contexts. Its findings are valuable for educators, linguists, and digital communication experts (Uzo, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of Terms:
Digital Code‑Switching: The practice of alternating languages in digital communication.
WhatsApp: A private messaging platform.
Facebook: A social networking site supporting public discourse.
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