The effect of informal quarrying on rural livelihoods in Oluyole Local Government Area, Oyo State.
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Background of the study:
Informal quarrying in Oluyole has become a significant economic activity that influences rural livelihoods. Quarrying, conducted outside formal regulatory frameworks, provides employment and income for many rural inhabitants who otherwise face limited job opportunities (Olatunji, 2023; Akinola, 2024). Despite its economic benefits, informal quarrying is often associated with environmental degradation and health hazards. Recent studies have examined the dual role of quarrying in supporting local economies while posing risks to sustainable development (Balogun, 2024). This research explores how informal quarrying affects rural livelihoods, focusing on income generation, employment stability, and the social implications of unregulated extraction practices. The study also highlights the tensions between economic benefits and the environmental costs associated with quarrying, emphasizing the need for balanced policies that protect both livelihoods and local ecosystems. By integrating empirical data and current literature, the investigation aims to provide a nuanced analysis of how informal quarrying contributes to rural economic dynamics and what measures can be taken to mitigate its negative externalities.
Statement of the problem:
Informal quarrying in Oluyole, while providing necessary employment, is fraught with issues such as environmental degradation, health risks, and safety concerns. The unregulated nature of quarrying practices results in inconsistent income for workers and long-term negative impacts on local ecosystems. These challenges compromise the overall quality of life for rural communities, necessitating a thorough investigation into the socio-economic and environmental effects of informal quarrying.
Objectives of the study:
1. To assess the contribution of informal quarrying to rural livelihoods.
2. To examine the environmental and health challenges associated with informal quarrying.
3. To propose sustainable management strategies to optimize economic benefits and reduce adverse impacts.
Research questions:
1. How does informal quarrying contribute to rural income and employment?
2. What environmental and health risks are associated with unregulated quarrying activities?
3. What sustainable strategies can mitigate the negative impacts of informal quarrying?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Informal quarrying significantly contributes to the economic sustenance of rural communities.
2. The lack of regulation in quarrying leads to notable environmental degradation and health hazards.
3. Implementation of sustainable practices can improve the socio-economic outcomes of informal quarrying.
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it highlights the complex role of informal quarrying in rural economic development. It offers valuable insights for policymakers to create balanced strategies that maximize economic benefits while safeguarding the environment and public health.
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is limited to the effect of informal quarrying on rural livelihoods in Oluyole Local Government Area, Oyo State and does not cover formal quarrying operations or other rural activities.
Definitions of terms:
• Informal quarrying: The extraction of rock and minerals conducted outside formal regulatory systems.
• Rural livelihoods: The means of securing income and sustaining life in rural areas.
• Sustainable management: Practices that balance economic gains with environmental and social well-being.
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