The impact of climate change on the preservation of rock engravings in Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State
- Project Research
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Rock engravings serve as enduring testimonies to ancient cultures; however, their preservation is increasingly threatened by climate change. In Eket Local Government Area, fluctuating weather patterns, rising temperatures, and increased rainfall have accelerated the deterioration of these fragile petroglyphs. Scientific investigations reveal that thermal stress and moisture fluctuations cause micro-fractures and chemical weathering, which undermine the integrity of rock surfaces (Okon, 2023). Moreover, studies suggest that climate-induced erosion significantly compromises the legibility and historical value of these engravings (Etim, 2024). The intersection of climate science and archaeology has prompted innovative conservation approaches, including microclimate monitoring and protective coatings. Despite these advancements, challenges persist due to the unpredictable nature of climate change and limited local resources. This study aims to evaluate the extent of climate impacts on rock engravings and to develop adaptive strategies that integrate both scientific and community-based conservation measures, ensuring the longevity of these irreplaceable cultural markers (Inyang, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Rock engravings in Eket are rapidly deteriorating due to the adverse effects of climate change. Erratic weather conditions and increased moisture levels have accelerated erosion and chemical weathering, threatening the preservation of these ancient artifacts. The current conservation efforts are hampered by insufficient funding, limited local expertise, and the unpredictable nature of climate phenomena. These challenges necessitate a critical assessment of the vulnerabilities of rock engravings and the development of resilient preservation strategies. This study investigates the environmental impacts on rock art degradation and explores potential adaptive measures (Mfon, 2023).
Objectives of the Study:
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To assess the extent of climate-induced deterioration of rock engravings.
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To evaluate current conservation practices and their effectiveness.
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To propose adaptive strategies for long-term preservation.
Research Questions:
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How does climate change affect the integrity of rock engravings?
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What are the limitations of existing preservation methods?
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Which adaptive strategies can improve conservation outcomes?
Research Hypotheses:
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Climate change significantly accelerates the degradation of rock engravings.
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Existing conservation measures are inadequate to counteract climate impacts.
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Adaptive strategies incorporating community input enhance preservation efficacy.
Significance of the Study
This study contributes to the critical discourse on heritage conservation amid climate change. By assessing environmental impacts and proposing adaptive measures, the research informs policymakers, conservationists, and local communities about sustainable preservation practices. The findings will foster collaborative efforts to protect irreplaceable cultural assets and guide future interventions (Abasi, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to the rock engravings in Eket Local Government Area and focuses exclusively on climate-related deterioration factors.
Definitions of Terms:
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Rock Engravings: Carved images or inscriptions on rock surfaces.
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Climate Change: Long-term alterations in temperature and weather patterns.
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Preservation: Actions aimed at maintaining the integrity of cultural heritage.
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