An examination of determinants of economic competitiveness in Nigeria: Evidence from fiscal reforms in Kaduna State (2000–2020)
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Background of the Study :
Economic competitiveness reflects a country’s ability to produce goods and services that meet international standards, thus sustaining growth and development. Fiscal reforms, which involve changes in public financial management, are considered essential for enhancing competitiveness by promoting efficient resource allocation, reducing corruption, and fostering a conducive business environment. In Kaduna State, a series of fiscal reforms have been implemented between 2000 and 2020 to streamline budgeting processes, improve revenue mobilization, and enhance accountability (Okonkwo, 2023). Empirical studies reveal that sound fiscal management is closely linked to improved competitiveness and market performance (Adeniyi, 2024). However, persistent bureaucratic inefficiencies and political interference have sometimes diluted the positive impacts of these reforms (Chukwu, 2025). This study examines the determinants of economic competitiveness in Kaduna State by analyzing fiscal data, investment trends, and business performance metrics. The objective is to provide insights into the effectiveness of fiscal reforms in boosting competitiveness and to recommend policy measures that can further enhance the business environment.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the implementation of fiscal reforms, Kaduna State’s economic competitiveness remains limited. Inefficient public financial management, bureaucratic delays, and political interference have undermined the intended benefits of these reforms. As a result, the state continues to struggle with attracting investment and achieving sustainable growth. This study seeks to identify the key factors that constrain competitiveness and to evaluate the overall impact of fiscal reforms on economic performance. Addressing these challenges is essential for developing more effective fiscal policies that can enhance competitiveness and drive economic development (Okonkwo, 2023; Adeniyi, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To assess the impact of fiscal reforms on economic competitiveness in Kaduna State.
2. To identify barriers to effective fiscal management.
3. To propose policy recommendations to enhance competitiveness.
Research Questions:
1. How do fiscal reforms influence competitiveness in Kaduna State?
2. What are the primary obstacles affecting fiscal reform outcomes?
3. What policy measures can improve economic competitiveness?
Research Hypotheses:
1. H1: Fiscal reforms positively impact economic competitiveness.
2. H2: Bureaucratic inefficiencies reduce reform effectiveness.
3. H3: Policy enhancements lead to improved competitive outcomes.
Significance of the Study (100 words):
This study investigates the determinants of economic competitiveness through fiscal reforms in Kaduna State, providing essential insights for policymakers. Its findings will aid in the development of targeted reforms that enhance fiscal management, thereby promoting a more competitive and robust economic environment (Chukwu, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to fiscal reform impacts in Kaduna State from 2000–2020, focusing on economic competitiveness indicators. Limitations include external economic factors and data consistency.
Definitions of Terms:
1. Fiscal Reforms: Policy changes aimed at improving public financial management.
2. Economic Competitiveness: The ability of an economy to compete effectively in global markets.
3. Kaduna State: A Nigerian state serving as the case study.
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