Background of the study
Compound words are a defining feature of Nigerian Pidgin, contributing significantly to its dynamic and adaptive lexicon. This study examines how compound formation functions in Nigerian Pidgin as spoken in Abuja, focusing on its role in word creation and semantic expansion. Nigerian Pidgin, characterized by its flexibility and creativity, often utilizes compounds to express complex ideas succinctly. In Abuja, the language reflects the city’s multicultural influences, resulting in compounds that blend elements from indigenous languages and English (Okoro, 2023). These compounds are not merely lexical items; they are also markers of cultural identity and social interaction. Previous research suggests that the innovative use of compounds in Nigerian Pidgin facilitates effective communication in diverse social contexts (Chima, 2024). This study employs a corpus analysis of spoken and written Pidgin to document the patterns and frequency of compound usage. By investigating how compound words are structured and the semantic functions they serve, the research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the morphological processes underlying Nigerian Pidgin and the ways in which these processes reflect broader cultural trends (Ibrahim, 2025).
Statement of the problem
Although compound words are recognized as essential to Nigerian Pidgin’s lexicon, there is limited empirical research on their formation and usage in Abuja. Observations indicate that compound formation is influenced by multiple languages and socio-cultural factors; however, detailed analyses are scarce (Okoro, 2023). This gap hampers efforts to understand how compounds contribute to the evolution of Nigerian Pidgin and its ability to adapt to new communicative needs. The lack of comprehensive documentation on compound usage also affects language teaching and preservation initiatives (Chima, 2024). Addressing these issues is critical for capturing the dynamic nature of Nigerian Pidgin’s morphology and for informing policies that support linguistic innovation and cultural identity (Ibrahim, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
To document the compound words in Nigerian Pidgin as used in Abuja.
To analyze the structural and semantic characteristics of these compounds.
To assess the socio-cultural influences on compound formation.
Research questions:
What compound words are most prevalent in Abuja Nigerian Pidgin?
How do these compounds function semantically and structurally?
What external factors influence compound formation?
Research Hypotheses:
Compound words significantly enrich Nigerian Pidgin’s lexicon in Abuja.
Structural patterns in compounds reflect a blend of indigenous and English influences.
Socio-cultural factors play a critical role in the evolution of compound usage.
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it illuminates the role of compound words in Nigerian Pidgin, offering valuable insights for linguists, educators, and cultural policymakers. Its findings will enhance our understanding of language innovation in urban settings (Okoro, 2023; Ibrahim, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is limited to examining compound words in the lexicon of Nigerian Pidgin in Abuja. It focuses solely on morphological aspects and does not extend to syntactic or pragmatic elements.
Definitions of terms:
Compound Words: Lexical items formed by combining two or more words.
Lexicon: The vocabulary of a language.
Nigerian Pidgin: A creole language widely spoken in Nigeria.
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