An assessment of language shift among the Efik people of Cross River State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study
Language shift, the process by which a community gradually abandons its native language in favor of another, is a critical issue among the Efik people of Cross River State. Traditionally, the Efik language has been a vital marker of cultural identity and social cohesion; however, modern influences, including globalization and educational policies, are contributing to its gradual erosion (Udo, 2023). In recent years, there has been a noticeable transition toward the use of dominant languages in formal and informal settings, which raises concerns about the preservation of indigenous linguistic heritage. The shift is not only a reflection of socio-economic pressures but also the influence of mass media and urban migration. As younger generations increasingly adopt languages perceived as more advantageous for economic mobility and social integration, the status of Efik as a cultural cornerstone is threatened (Aniebiet, 2024). This study examines the factors driving language shift among the Efik people, evaluates its impacts on cultural continuity, and explores potential revitalization strategies. It aims to contribute to a broader understanding of language endangerment and the dynamics of cultural change in indigenous communities (Ekong, 2023).
Statement of the problem
The Efik language is experiencing a significant decline in usage, primarily due to the pressures of globalization, urbanization, and shifts in educational policies that favor dominant languages. This language shift has resulted in diminished intergenerational transmission and weakened cultural identity among the Efik people (Edet, 2024). The problem is compounded by the lack of institutional support for indigenous language maintenance, which further accelerates the erosion of traditional linguistic practices. As younger generations adopt more globally dominant languages, the cultural and historical significance embedded in the Efik language is at risk of being lost. This study seeks to understand the underlying causes of this language shift, its social implications, and the challenges in implementing effective revitalization strategies (Ifeanyi, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
- To investigate the factors contributing to the language shift among the Efik people.
- To evaluate the impact of language shift on cultural identity and social cohesion.
- To propose effective revitalization strategies for preserving the Efik language.
Research questions:
- What socio-economic and cultural factors are driving the language shift among the Efik people?
- How has the decline in Efik language usage affected cultural identity and community cohesion?
- What measures can be implemented to revitalize the Efik language?
Research hypotheses:
- Socio-economic pressures significantly contribute to the language shift among the Efik people.
- The decline in Efik language usage is inversely related to the strength of cultural identity among community members.
- Targeted language revitalization programs can significantly improve the preservation of the Efik language.
Significance of the study (100 words):
This study is significant as it sheds light on the critical issue of language shift among the Efik people, offering valuable insights into the cultural and social ramifications of losing an indigenous language. The findings can inform policymakers, educators, and cultural organizations about the urgency of implementing effective language preservation measures. By addressing the causes and impacts of the language shift, the study contributes to broader discussions on cultural sustainability and linguistic diversity (Mbanefo, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to assessing the language shift among the Efik people in Cross River State. It focuses exclusively on the factors influencing the shift and its cultural consequences, without extending to other indigenous languages or regions.
Definitions of terms:
- Language Shift: The process by which a community gradually abandons its native language in favor of another.
- Indigenous Language: A language native to a region and intrinsic to its cultural heritage.
- Revitalization: Efforts and strategies aimed at restoring and preserving a declining language.
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