Background of the Study:
The Southern Ijaw region, rich in both natural resources and archaeological heritage, faces environmental challenges that threaten its cultural assets. Recurrent oil spills have significantly altered the landscape, impacting the preservation of archaeological remains such as settlement sites, rock art, and artifact assemblages (Ogundele, 2023). These environmental disasters result in chemical contamination, accelerated erosion, and structural degradation of exposed cultural materials (Ibrahim, 2024). Recent interdisciplinary studies have highlighted the need to assess the correlation between industrial activities and the deterioration of archaeological resources (Akinyemi, 2025). By integrating environmental science with archaeological fieldwork, researchers are beginning to document the extent of damage and develop remedial strategies. The urgency of this investigation is underscored by the simultaneous demands of economic development and cultural heritage preservation in a region highly vulnerable to ecological disturbances (Ogundele, 2023).
Statement of the Problem:
Oil spills in Southern Ijaw have caused irreversible damage to archaeological remains, yet there is a paucity of research on the extent of this impact. Inadequate environmental monitoring and lack of coordinated heritage management have exacerbated the problem. This gap in knowledge compromises efforts to develop effective conservation strategies, leaving valuable cultural resources at risk. Systematic investigation is required to understand the damage mechanisms and propose viable mitigation measures (Ibrahim, 2024; Akinyemi, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
Research Questions:
Research Hypotheses:
Significance of the Study:
This study is significant as it bridges environmental science and archaeology, offering data-driven insights into the impact of oil spills on cultural heritage. The findings will guide effective conservation and remediation policies, ensuring the protection of valuable archaeological resources (Ogundele, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to investigating the impact of oil spills on archaeological remains in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, using field assessments, laboratory analyses, and environmental monitoring. Limitations include accessibility issues and variable spill intensities.
Definitions of Terms:
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