An appraisal of the effects of poor school sanitation on students’ health and academic performance in Awka North Local Government Area, Anambra State
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Background of the Study
Poor school sanitation is a critical issue impacting student health and academic achievement in many regions. In Awka North Local Government Area, inadequate sanitation facilities in schools contribute to frequent illness, absenteeism, and diminished learning outcomes (Okafor, 2023). The lack of clean water, proper toilets, and handwashing stations creates an environment where communicable diseases can easily spread, thereby affecting students’ physical well‐being and concentration in class (Eze, 2024). Furthermore, the poor state of sanitation often reflects broader socio-economic challenges and inadequate public investment, resulting in compromised educational environments. Recent research has shown that improving sanitation infrastructure can lead to better health and enhanced academic performance (Nwankwo, 2025). The environmental and health factors are intricately linked, with poor hygiene practices undermining both student engagement and institutional effectiveness. Addressing these deficiencies requires a multifaceted approach that includes infrastructural improvements, policy reforms, and community involvement. Thus, this study aims to critically assess the multifaceted effects of poor school sanitation, focusing on health outcomes and academic performance, while proposing sustainable solutions.
Statement of the Problem
The persistent problem of poor school sanitation in Awka North adversely affects students’ health and academic progress. Despite recognition of its significance, inadequate facilities remain widespread, resulting in frequent illnesses and reduced classroom attendance (Okafor, 2023). The gap between policy provisions and implementation is evident, as schools struggle with insufficient maintenance and funding (Eze, 2024). Consequently, academic performance suffers due to the compounded effects of health-related absences and diminished concentration. There is an urgent need for comprehensive intervention strategies that address infrastructural deficits and promote better health practices among students (Nwankwo, 2025). These challenges demand immediate and systematic viable solutions.
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the health impact of poor sanitation.
- To evaluate the effect on academic performance.
- To propose sustainable interventions.
Research Questions:
- How does poor sanitation affect student health?
- What is the relationship between sanitation and academic performance?
- Which intervention strategies are most effective in improving sanitation?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Poor school sanitation is associated with higher rates of illness among students.
- H2: There is a negative correlation between sanitation quality and academic performance.
- H3: Implementing sustainable sanitation interventions will improve health and academic outcomes.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it provides empirical evidence linking poor school sanitation to adverse health and academic outcomes in Awka North. The findings will inform policy makers and educational stakeholders on the urgent need for infrastructural improvements and targeted interventions. By highlighting these associations, the study contributes to the broader discourse on educational equity and public health improvement, thereby fostering sustainable development in the community for lasting progress.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the evaluation of poor school sanitation effects on health and academic performance in Awka North Local Government Area.
Definitions of Terms:
- School Sanitation: The provision and maintenance of adequate hygiene facilities in educational institutions.
- Academic Performance: The measurable outcomes of students’ learning achievements.
- Health Outcomes: The impact of environmental factors on the physical well-being of students.
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