Background of the study
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a voluntary business practice to a strategic imperative, and in recent years, religious institutions have increasingly adopted CSR initiatives to serve community needs. In Onitsha South Local Government Area, these institutions are pivotal in addressing socio-economic challenges through philanthropic and developmental programs (Okafor, 2023). Religious bodies, due to their deep-rooted community presence and moral authority, have been involved in diverse projects such as education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation. Their CSR activities are not only philanthropic but also serve as instruments for social justice and sustainable community development (Ike, 2024). This phenomenon has prompted academics to explore the motivations behind these initiatives, their implementation strategies, and their overall impact on local communities. Furthermore, the interplay between religious ethics and contemporary CSR practices has emerged as a significant research area (Uche, 2025). Despite positive contributions, challenges such as resource constraints, lack of transparency, and accountability issues have been identified, raising questions about the efficiency of these initiatives. This study aims to critically appraise the scope and impact of CSR by religious institutions in Onitsha South, examining how they contribute to local development and foster community resilience.
Statement of the problem
Religious institutions in Onitsha South have increasingly engaged in CSR activities, yet there are notable gaps in their approach and effectiveness. While these initiatives have improved community welfare in several aspects, inconsistent funding, administrative inefficiencies, and a lack of standardized evaluation mechanisms limit their overall impact (Chukwu, 2024). Additionally, there is a growing concern regarding transparency in the allocation and utilization of funds, which undermines stakeholder confidence and hampers the potential for long-term development. These issues raise critical questions about how these institutions can optimize their CSR strategies to achieve measurable outcomes. The problem is compounded by limited research on the subject, necessitating a systematic inquiry into the practices and challenges faced by religious institutions in implementing CSR in the area (Nwankwo, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
To evaluate the scope of CSR initiatives by religious institutions in Onitsha South.
To identify challenges and constraints affecting the implementation of these initiatives.
To recommend strategies for enhancing transparency and sustainability in CSR activities.
Research questions:
What CSR initiatives are undertaken by religious institutions in Onitsha South?
What challenges impede the effective implementation of these initiatives?
How can CSR strategies be optimized for better community impact?
Research Hypotheses:
Religious institutions’ CSR initiatives positively affect community welfare.
Resource limitations negatively influence the success of CSR projects.
Enhanced transparency improves stakeholder trust and project outcomes.
Significance of the study
The study provides valuable insights into the role of religious institutions in local development through CSR initiatives. It will guide policymakers, religious leaders, and community stakeholders in refining strategies that ensure more accountable and impactful CSR programs. The research outcomes are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge on non-traditional CSR approaches, emphasizing the ethical dimensions and practical challenges of such initiatives (Amadi, 2024).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the appraisal of CSR activities by religious institutions in Onitsha South Local Government Area, focusing exclusively on their current practices and challenges.
Definitions of terms:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Practices and initiatives aimed at promoting social good beyond an organization’s economic interests.
Religious institutions: Organizations based on faith that play significant roles in community development.
Transparency: Openness in disclosing information and processes in program implementation.
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
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