An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Pesticide Use in Nigeria’s Agricultural Sector
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- NGN 5000
Background of the Study
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to control pests and diseases, thereby safeguarding crop yields. In Nigeria, the use of chemical pesticides has been a common practice to ensure food production stability. Between 2023 and 2025, the agricultural sector has experienced increased reliance on pesticides to combat pest outbreaks and to enhance productivity (Okafor, 2023). The theoretical framework is based on the cost–benefit analysis of pesticide use, which weighs the immediate benefits of higher yields against potential long-term environmental and health costs. Empirical evidence from various studies shows that while pesticides can improve short-term productivity, their misuse may lead to negative externalities such as environmental degradation, health risks for farm workers and consumers, and the development of pesticide-resistant pests (Afolabi, 2024). In Nigeria, the economic implications of pesticide use are complex, as the benefits of yield protection must be balanced against costs related to environmental remediation, healthcare, and reduced biodiversity. This study assesses the overall economic impact of pesticide use in Nigeria by examining changes in crop yields, production costs, and associated externalities. It also explores regulatory frameworks, farmer practices, and the potential for alternative pest management strategies to mitigate adverse effects.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the benefits of pesticide use in increasing agricultural output, there is growing concern over its negative economic impacts in Nigeria. The main problem is that the widespread and often indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to environmental pollution, health hazards, and the emergence of resistant pest populations (Ibrahim, 2024). These adverse outcomes impose hidden costs on the agricultural sector and public health systems, which may offset the productivity gains achieved. Moreover, inadequate regulatory oversight and low levels of farmer training contribute to improper pesticide application. The resulting externalities—such as degraded ecosystems and increased healthcare expenses—pose significant economic challenges. This study seeks to quantify the economic impact of pesticide use, identify the cost drivers associated with its negative externalities, and evaluate whether current policies are sufficient to manage these risks. The goal is to provide policy recommendations for sustainable pest management that optimizes crop production while minimizing harmful economic impacts.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the economic benefits and costs of pesticide use in Nigeria’s agricultural sector.
- To identify the environmental and health-related externalities associated with pesticide use.
- To propose policy measures to promote sustainable pest management practices.
Research Questions
- What is the net economic impact of pesticide use on agricultural productivity in Nigeria?
- What environmental and health costs are associated with pesticide application?
- Which policy interventions can reduce the negative externalities of pesticide use?
Research Hypotheses
- H1: Pesticide use significantly increases crop yields in the short term.
- H2: Environmental and health-related externalities of pesticide use impose substantial economic costs.
- H3: Implementation of sustainable pest management policies reduces negative externalities and improves net economic outcomes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on the economic impact of pesticide use in Nigeria from 2023 to 2025, drawing on production data, environmental assessments, and health statistics. Limitations include difficulty in quantifying externalities and regional variations in pesticide practices.
Definitions of Terms
– Pesticides: Chemical substances used to control pests and diseases in agriculture.
– Externalities: Indirect costs or benefits resulting from economic activities that affect third parties.
– Sustainable Pest Management: Integrated approaches that minimize adverse impacts while protecting crops.
– Cost–Benefit Analysis: A systematic process to evaluate economic gains versus costs.
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