Background of the Study
Social media has become an integral part of daily life, particularly among adolescents who use platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and Facebook for communication, entertainment, and information. In Lagos State, the rapid expansion of digital technology and high smartphone penetration have led to widespread social media usage among young people. While social media offers benefits such as increased connectivity and access to diverse perspectives, its impact on mental health is increasingly under scrutiny. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of social media, including exposure to cyberbullying, unrealistic beauty standards, and social comparison, which can contribute to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Research suggests that excessive use of social media may disrupt sleep patterns, exacerbate feelings of isolation, and lead to addiction-like behaviors (Adeleye, 2023; Okafor, 2024). In Lagos State, these issues are compounded by the urban context, where high expectations, academic pressure, and socio-economic disparities further challenge adolescent mental well-being. Although several studies have examined the link between social media and mental health globally, there is a relative paucity of localized research that investigates these phenomena among Lagosian adolescents. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the relationship between social media usage and mental health outcomes, focusing on how online interactions affect anxiety and depression levels. In doing so, it will provide insights into potential interventions that schools, parents, and policymakers can implement to foster healthier digital habits and support mental health among adolescents in Lagos.
Statement of the Problem
In Lagos State, while social media usage among adolescents continues to rise, there is mounting concern over its negative impact on mental health. Many young people report feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression linked to prolonged exposure to curated images and cyberbullying. Despite awareness campaigns, the lack of targeted mental health support and digital literacy programs means that adolescents remain vulnerable to these adverse effects. The urban environment—with its competitive academic atmosphere and high cost of living—further exacerbates these issues. Moreover, limited empirical data exists to quantify the specific mental health challenges associated with social media use among Lagosian adolescents, making it difficult for stakeholders to design effective interventions.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the relationship between social media usage and mental health outcomes among adolescents in Lagos State.
2. To identify the key factors (e.g., time spent online, type of content consumed) that contribute to anxiety and depression.
3. To propose interventions to promote healthy social media practices among adolescents.
Research Questions
1. How does social media usage affect anxiety and depression levels among adolescents in Lagos State?
2. What specific aspects of social media use contribute most to mental health challenges?
3. What strategies can be implemented to mitigate the negative impact of social media on adolescent mental health?
Research Hypotheses
1. Excessive social media use is significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety among adolescents.
2. Exposure to negative content and cyberbullying on social media correlates with increased depression rates.
3. Interventions focused on digital literacy and moderated usage will significantly improve mental health outcomes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on secondary school students in urban areas of Lagos State. Data will be collected through surveys, standardized mental health screening tools, and focus group discussions. Limitations include potential self-report bias, difficulty in isolating social media effects from other environmental factors, and the cross-sectional design, which may not capture long-term trends.
Definitions of Terms
• Social Media: Online platforms for sharing information and communication.
• Adolescents: Individuals typically aged 13-19 years.
• Mental Health Outcomes: Measures of psychological well-being, including anxiety and depression.
• Digital Literacy: The ability to effectively use digital technologies and critically evaluate online content.
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