An assessment of cardiovascular disease awareness in Ebonyi State
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Ebonyi State, limited awareness and understanding of CVD risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures contribute to delayed diagnoses and suboptimal management. Despite ongoing efforts by health authorities to promote cardiovascular health, many residents in Ebonyi State continue to exhibit poor knowledge about heart disease. Low literacy levels, inadequate health education, and cultural misconceptions play a major role in shaping public perceptions about CVD (Ibrahim, 2023; Nduka, 2024). Rural communities in Ebonyi often have limited access to health information and preventive services, which further widens the knowledge gap. Given the significant burden of cardiovascular diseases, increasing public awareness is critical. Enhanced awareness can lead to earlier detection, better adherence to treatment protocols, and more effective prevention strategies. This study aims to evaluate the level of cardiovascular disease awareness among adults in Ebonyi State, identifying key areas where education is lacking and proposing targeted interventions to improve public understanding.
Statement of the Problem
In Ebonyi State, low levels of cardiovascular disease awareness have been identified as a significant barrier to effective prevention and treatment. Many individuals are unaware of the risk factors—such as hypertension, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle—that predispose them to heart disease. Consequently, symptoms are often ignored until the disease is advanced, leading to poorer outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In addition, misconceptions and cultural beliefs regarding heart disease further impede the adoption of healthy behaviors. This deficiency in awareness is particularly pronounced in rural areas, where access to health information is limited and health literacy is low. The lack of comprehensive cardiovascular education programs leaves a substantial portion of the population vulnerable, thereby exacerbating the overall burden of CVD in Ebonyi State. Without targeted initiatives to improve awareness, public health efforts to reduce the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases are likely to remain ineffective.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the level of cardiovascular disease awareness among adults in Ebonyi State.
2. To identify key gaps and misconceptions in public knowledge of CVD risk factors and prevention.
3. To recommend targeted educational interventions to enhance CVD awareness.
Research Questions
1. What is the current level of cardiovascular disease awareness in Ebonyi State?
2. What misconceptions exist regarding heart disease and its risk factors?
3. How can educational interventions be designed to improve CVD awareness?
Research Hypotheses
1. Low health literacy is significantly associated with poor CVD awareness.
2. Misconceptions about heart disease are prevalent among residents with limited access to health education.
3. Targeted health education programs will significantly improve public knowledge of CVD.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on adult populations in both urban and rural areas of Ebonyi State. Data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. Limitations include potential self-report bias and regional variations in education levels.
Definitions of Terms
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels.
• Awareness: The degree of knowledge and understanding about a particular health issue.
• Health Literacy: The ability to access, comprehend, and use health information.
• Preventive Measures: Actions taken to prevent disease occurrence.
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