Enhancing Smart Water Management in Hostels Using IoT-Based Embedded Systems in Lokoja LGA, Kogi State
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Background of the Study :
Water management in university hostels is critical for ensuring a reliable and safe supply for students. In Lokoja LGA, Kogi State, many hostels experience issues such as water leakage, irregular supply, and wastage due to outdated monitoring systems. IoT-based embedded systems offer an innovative approach to address these challenges by providing real-time monitoring and control of water distribution networks within hostels. This study proposes the design and implementation of an embedded system that integrates water flow sensors, pressure sensors, and automated valves to monitor water usage and detect leaks. The system will transmit data via wireless networks to a centralized platform, enabling hostel administrators to manage water distribution more efficiently (Ibrahim, 2023). In addition, the system can trigger alerts when abnormal water usage patterns are detected, facilitating prompt maintenance interventions. Previous studies have indicated that IoT-enabled water management systems can significantly reduce water wastage and improve service reliability (Olu, 2024). By tailoring the system to the specific needs and infrastructural constraints of university hostels in Lokoja LGA, this study aims to provide a cost-effective and scalable solution that enhances water management practices. The integration of cloud-based analytics will also allow for long-term monitoring and trend analysis, supporting strategic planning and resource allocation. Ultimately, the project seeks to ensure that hostel residents have consistent access to clean water while reducing operational costs and environmental impact (Adeniyi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem :
University hostels in Lokoja LGA often suffer from inefficient water management systems that lead to water leakage, irregular supply, and high wastage. Traditional systems rely on manual monitoring and periodic maintenance, which are unable to detect issues in real time. As a result, water leaks go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred, leading to increased repair costs and water loss. The absence of a centralized, automated system for monitoring water distribution further complicates resource management and hampers timely interventions. These challenges not only affect the quality of living for hostel residents but also contribute to environmental degradation and higher utility costs. There is a critical need for an IoT-based embedded system that automates the monitoring of water distribution in hostels. Such a system should be able to detect leaks promptly, regulate water flow efficiently, and provide real-time data to administrators for effective decision-making. This study seeks to develop and evaluate a smart water management system that addresses these challenges by leveraging modern sensor technology and embedded computing. By comparing the system’s performance with existing manual methods, the research aims to demonstrate significant improvements in water conservation and operational efficiency, ultimately ensuring a reliable water supply and reducing costs (Ibrahim, 2023; Olu, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
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To design an IoT-based embedded system for automated water management in hostels.
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To implement real-time water leak detection and flow regulation.
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To evaluate the system’s impact on water conservation and operational efficiency.
Research Questions:
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How effective is the embedded system in detecting water leaks in real time?
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What improvements in water management can be achieved through automation?
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How does the system affect overall water usage and cost savings?
Significance of the Study :
This study is significant as it develops an IoT-based embedded system for smart water management in university hostels, enhancing resource efficiency and reducing operational costs. By automating leak detection and water flow regulation, the system provides a reliable and scalable solution for resource-constrained environments, contributing to sustainable water use and improved living conditions (Adeniyi, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to the design, implementation, and evaluation of the smart water management system in university hostels within Lokoja LGA, Kogi State, and does not extend to municipal water systems.
Definitions of Terms:
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Embedded System: A dedicated computer system designed for specific control tasks.
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Smart Water Management: Automated monitoring and control of water usage using IoT technology.
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Real-Time Data: Immediate processing and transmission of data as events occur.
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