Background of the study:
Efficient class scheduling is essential for maintaining academic continuity and optimizing resource utilization in university campuses. In Sokoto North LGA, traditional class scheduling systems often rely on manual coordination and static timetables, leading to conflicts, underutilized classrooms, and scheduling inefficiencies. An IoT-based smart class scheduling system integrates digital displays, sensors, and cloud-based analytics to dynamically manage classroom allocation and timetable adjustments in real time (Ibrahim, 2023). Such systems can track room occupancy, availability of teaching resources, and real-time academic events to optimize the allocation of classrooms and minimize scheduling conflicts (Adeniyi, 2024). The system automates the update process and provides immediate notifications to students and faculty, ensuring that everyone is informed of any changes. Additionally, IoT devices can collect data on classroom utilization and performance, enabling university administrators to plan infrastructure improvements and optimize resource allocation (Udo, 2025). By transforming the scheduling process into a data-driven, automated operation, the system enhances academic efficiency, reduces administrative burdens, and fosters a more flexible learning environment. This modernization of class scheduling aligns with global trends in smart campus initiatives and supports the overall goal of improving educational outcomes through technology.
Statement of the problem:
University campuses in Sokoto North LGA experience persistent challenges in class scheduling due to reliance on outdated manual systems that result in overlapping timetables and inefficient room usage (Ibrahim, 2023). Traditional scheduling methods are unable to adapt to last-minute changes such as room cancellations or unexpected shifts in lecture timings, leading to confusion and reduced teaching effectiveness. The absence of an automated system causes delays in disseminating updated schedules to students and faculty, which in turn affects attendance and academic performance (Adeniyi, 2024). Furthermore, the lack of real-time monitoring of classroom occupancy hinders the efficient utilization of available resources, leading to underused facilities and increased operational costs. Financial and administrative constraints limit the ability to manually resolve scheduling conflicts, thereby exacerbating the problem. Without a smart, IoT-based scheduling system, the university continues to face issues that compromise the quality of education and hinder the smooth functioning of academic programs. There is an urgent need for an automated, real-time solution that can dynamically manage class schedules and optimize resource allocation to support an efficient learning environment (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
To design an IoT-based smart class scheduling system for real-time classroom management.
To evaluate the system’s impact on reducing scheduling conflicts and improving resource utilization.
To recommend strategies for integrating the system with existing university administrative frameworks.
Research questions:
How effective is the IoT-based system in dynamically managing class schedules in real time?
What improvements in classroom utilization and scheduling efficiency are observed after implementation?
How can the system be integrated with current academic management practices to enhance overall educational efficiency?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it provides a modern solution for streamlining university class scheduling through IoT technology. The smart scheduling system improves resource utilization, minimizes timetable conflicts, and enhances overall academic efficiency, thereby contributing to a better learning environment in Sokoto North LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the evaluation of IoT-based smart class scheduling systems in university campuses in Sokoto North LGA, Sokoto State. It does not extend to other administrative systems or regions.
Definitions of terms:
IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that provide real-time data.
Class Scheduling System: A system that organizes and allocates academic classes to available resources.
Smart System: A technology-driven system that automates and optimizes processes based on real-time data.
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